The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a smiling expression on the face of a talking pedagogical agent could positively affect a learner’s emotions, motivation, and learning outcomes in a virtual learning environment. Contrary to the hypothesis, results from Experiment 1 demonstrated th...

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Autores principales:	Tze Wei Liew, Nor Azan Mat Zin, Noraidah Sahari, Su-Mae Tan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Athabasca University Press 2016
Materias:	Pedagogical agent smiling expression emotion contagion emotion virtual learning environment motivation Special aspects of education LC8-6691
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b849888b5f8743149809c58342f040ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b849888b5f8743149809c58342f040ea2021-12-02T19:25:21ZThe Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment10.19173/irrodl.v17i5.23501492-3831https://doaj.org/article/b849888b5f8743149809c58342f040ea2016-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2350https://doaj.org/toc/1492-3831The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a smiling expression on the face of a talking pedagogical agent could positively affect a learner’s emotions, motivation, and learning outcomes in a virtual learning environment. Contrary to the hypothesis, results from Experiment 1 demonstrated that the pedagogical agent’s smile induced negative emotional and motivational responses in learners. Experiment 2 showed that the social meaning of a pedagogical agent’s smile might be perceived by learners as polite or fake. In addition, qualitative data provided insights into factors that may cause negative perceptions of a pedagogical agent’s smile, which in turn lead to negative affective (emotional and motivational) states in learners. Theoretical and design implications for pedagogical agents in virtual learning environment are discussed in the concluding section of the paper. Tze Wei LiewNor Azan Mat ZinNoraidah SahariSu-Mae TanAthabasca University PressarticlePedagogical agentsmiling expressionemotion contagionemotionvirtual learning environmentmotivationSpecial aspects of educationLC8-6691ENInternational Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, Vol 17, Iss 5 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pedagogical agent smiling expression emotion contagion emotion virtual learning environment motivation Special aspects of education LC8-6691
spellingShingle	Pedagogical agent smiling expression emotion contagion emotion virtual learning environment motivation Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Tze Wei Liew Nor Azan Mat Zin Noraidah Sahari Su-Mae Tan The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment
description	The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a smiling expression on the face of a talking pedagogical agent could positively affect a learner’s emotions, motivation, and learning outcomes in a virtual learning environment. Contrary to the hypothesis, results from Experiment 1 demonstrated that the pedagogical agent’s smile induced negative emotional and motivational responses in learners. Experiment 2 showed that the social meaning of a pedagogical agent’s smile might be perceived by learners as polite or fake. In addition, qualitative data provided insights into factors that may cause negative perceptions of a pedagogical agent’s smile, which in turn lead to negative affective (emotional and motivational) states in learners. Theoretical and design implications for pedagogical agents in virtual learning environment are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.
format	article
author	Tze Wei Liew Nor Azan Mat Zin Noraidah Sahari Su-Mae Tan
author_facet	Tze Wei Liew Nor Azan Mat Zin Noraidah Sahari Su-Mae Tan
author_sort	Tze Wei Liew
title	The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment
title_short	The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment
title_full	The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment
title_fullStr	The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment
title_full_unstemmed	The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment
title_sort	effects of a pedagogical agent’s smiling expression on the learner’s emotions and motivation in a virtual learning environment
publisher	Athabasca University Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/b849888b5f8743149809c58342f040ea
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The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment

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