Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating

Copper (Cu) has a narrow range between optimal concentrations as a micronutrient critical for phytoplankton growth and concentrations potentially toxic to living organisms. This sensitivity indicates an ecosystem vulnerability that threatens not only nature but also human health due to bioaccumulati...

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Autores principales:	Hrvoje Carić, Neven Cukrov, Dario Omanović
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nautical tourism antifouling paints copper maritime traffic environmental impact Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b84db77a873a4734a5466ce70c347993
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b84db77a873a4734a5466ce70c3479932021-11-11T19:35:28ZNautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating10.3390/su1321118972071-1050https://doaj.org/article/b84db77a873a4734a5466ce70c3479932021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11897https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Copper (Cu) has a narrow range between optimal concentrations as a micronutrient critical for phytoplankton growth and concentrations potentially toxic to living organisms. This sensitivity indicates an ecosystem vulnerability that threatens not only nature but also human health due to bioaccumulation. An important source of elevated Cu concentrations in coastal environments are biocides used as antifouling protection on ships. A pilot study conducted in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the Krka Estuary (Croatia) over a period of 16 months investigated the relationship between ship traffic and Cu concentrations. The aim was to contribute to more informed environmental management by assessing the associated risks. In the study presented here, Cu concentrations were monitored, analyzed, and correlated with vessel traffic. Observations revealed that the seasonal increase in maritime traffic caused by nautical tourism was associated with an increase in Cu concentrations of more than five times, posing a toxicity risk to the environment. In order to understand the distribution of copper emissions, a mapping of maritime traffic was carried out by counting transits, radar imagery, and drone photography. This approach has proven sufficient to identify the potential risks to the marine environment and human health, thus providing an effective assessment tool for marine stakeholders.Hrvoje CarićNeven CukrovDario OmanovićMDPI AGarticlenautical tourismantifouling paintscoppermaritime trafficenvironmental impactEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11897, p 11897 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nautical tourism antifouling paints copper maritime traffic environmental impact Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	nautical tourism antifouling paints copper maritime traffic environmental impact Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Hrvoje Carić Neven Cukrov Dario Omanović Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating
description	Copper (Cu) has a narrow range between optimal concentrations as a micronutrient critical for phytoplankton growth and concentrations potentially toxic to living organisms. This sensitivity indicates an ecosystem vulnerability that threatens not only nature but also human health due to bioaccumulation. An important source of elevated Cu concentrations in coastal environments are biocides used as antifouling protection on ships. A pilot study conducted in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the Krka Estuary (Croatia) over a period of 16 months investigated the relationship between ship traffic and Cu concentrations. The aim was to contribute to more informed environmental management by assessing the associated risks. In the study presented here, Cu concentrations were monitored, analyzed, and correlated with vessel traffic. Observations revealed that the seasonal increase in maritime traffic caused by nautical tourism was associated with an increase in Cu concentrations of more than five times, posing a toxicity risk to the environment. In order to understand the distribution of copper emissions, a mapping of maritime traffic was carried out by counting transits, radar imagery, and drone photography. This approach has proven sufficient to identify the potential risks to the marine environment and human health, thus providing an effective assessment tool for marine stakeholders.
format	article
author	Hrvoje Carić Neven Cukrov Dario Omanović
author_facet	Hrvoje Carić Neven Cukrov Dario Omanović
author_sort	Hrvoje Carić
title	Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating
title_short	Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating
title_full	Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating
title_fullStr	Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating
title_full_unstemmed	Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating
title_sort	nautical tourism in marine protected areas (mpas): evaluating an impact of copper emission from antifouling coating
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b84db77a873a4734a5466ce70c347993
work_keys_str_mv	AT hrvojecaric nauticaltourisminmarineprotectedareasmpasevaluatinganimpactofcopperemissionfromantifoulingcoating AT nevencukrov nauticaltourisminmarineprotectedareasmpasevaluatinganimpactofcopperemissionfromantifoulingcoating AT darioomanovic nauticaltourisminmarineprotectedareasmpasevaluatinganimpactofcopperemissionfromantifoulingcoating
_version_	1718431488538574848

Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating

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