The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training

Whether working memory training is effective in enhancing fluid intelligence remains in dispute. Several researchers, who doubt the training benefits, consider that placebo effects may be the reason for positive training gains. One of the vital variables that may induce the placebo effect is the min...

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Autores principales:	Peibing Liu, Xin Zhang, Renlai Zhou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	working memory training fluid intelligence placebo effects mindset of intelligence transfer effect Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b861a3464846458ba70355b3a7ec97e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b861a3464846458ba70355b3a7ec97e62021-11-04T09:25:43ZThe Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.712309https://doaj.org/article/b861a3464846458ba70355b3a7ec97e62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712309/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Whether working memory training is effective in enhancing fluid intelligence remains in dispute. Several researchers, who doubt the training benefits, consider that placebo effects may be the reason for positive training gains. One of the vital variables that may induce the placebo effect is the mindset of intelligence. In this article, we provide a test of whether the mindset of intelligence leads to placebo effects in working memory training. Participants were overtly recruited and allocated to the growth mindset group or the fixed mindset group by Theories of Intelligence Scale scores. A single, 1 h session working memory training is the cue to introduce the placebo effects. During pre/post-testing, all participants completed tasks measuring working memory capacity (near transfer) and fluid intelligence (far transfer). Our findings show no significant difference between the two groups in both tasks. Therefore, these results suggest that the placebo effect does not exist in this study, which means individuals' mindset of intelligence may not be a contributor to the placebo effect in 1 h working memory training. This research will further help to clarify the mechanism of the placebo effect in working memory training.Peibing LiuXin ZhangXin ZhangRenlai ZhouFrontiers Media S.A.articleworking memory trainingfluid intelligenceplacebo effectsmindset of intelligencetransfer effectPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	working memory training fluid intelligence placebo effects mindset of intelligence transfer effect Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	working memory training fluid intelligence placebo effects mindset of intelligence transfer effect Psychology BF1-990 Peibing Liu Xin Zhang Xin Zhang Renlai Zhou The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training
description	Whether working memory training is effective in enhancing fluid intelligence remains in dispute. Several researchers, who doubt the training benefits, consider that placebo effects may be the reason for positive training gains. One of the vital variables that may induce the placebo effect is the mindset of intelligence. In this article, we provide a test of whether the mindset of intelligence leads to placebo effects in working memory training. Participants were overtly recruited and allocated to the growth mindset group or the fixed mindset group by Theories of Intelligence Scale scores. A single, 1 h session working memory training is the cue to introduce the placebo effects. During pre/post-testing, all participants completed tasks measuring working memory capacity (near transfer) and fluid intelligence (far transfer). Our findings show no significant difference between the two groups in both tasks. Therefore, these results suggest that the placebo effect does not exist in this study, which means individuals' mindset of intelligence may not be a contributor to the placebo effect in 1 h working memory training. This research will further help to clarify the mechanism of the placebo effect in working memory training.
format	article
author	Peibing Liu Xin Zhang Xin Zhang Renlai Zhou
author_facet	Peibing Liu Xin Zhang Xin Zhang Renlai Zhou
author_sort	Peibing Liu
title	The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training
title_short	The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training
title_full	The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training
title_fullStr	The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training
title_full_unstemmed	The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training
title_sort	mindset of intelligence is not a contributor of placebo effects in working memory training
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b861a3464846458ba70355b3a7ec97e6
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The Mindset of Intelligence Is Not a Contributor of Placebo Effects in Working Memory Training

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