Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and HSPs Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

Ash shoot dieback has now spread throughout Europe. It is caused by an interaction between fungi that attack shoots (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) and roots (Armillaria spp., in our case Armillaria gallica). While detection of the pathogen is relat...

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Autores principales:	Piotr Borowik, Tomasz Oszako, Tadeusz Malewski, Zuzanna Zwierzyńska, Leszek Adamowicz, Rafał Tarakowski, Sławomir Ślusarski, Justyna Anna Nowakowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ash dieback root rot e-nose heat shock protein forest protection Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b86f277afd1842b88a65c7601400114b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b86f277afd1842b88a65c7601400114b2021-11-25T18:37:36ZAdvances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>10.3390/pathogens101113592076-0817https://doaj.org/article/b86f277afd1842b88a65c7601400114b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1359https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817Ash shoot dieback has now spread throughout Europe. It is caused by an interaction between fungi that attack shoots (<i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>) and roots (<i>Armillaria</i> spp., in our case <i>Armillaria gallica</i>). While detection of the pathogen is relatively easy when disease symptoms are present, it is virtually impossible when the infestation is latent. Such situations occur in nurseries when seedlings become infected (the spores are carried by the wind several dozen miles). The diseases are masked by pesticides, fertilisers, and adequate irrigation to protect the plants. Root rot that develops in the soil is also difficult to detect. Currently, there is a lack of equipment that can detect root rot pathogens without digging up root systems, which risks damaging trees. For this reason, the use of an electronic nose to detect pathogens in infected tissue of ash trees grown in pots and inoculated with the above fungi was attempted. Disease symptoms were detected in all ash trees exposed to natural infection (via spores) in the forest. The electronic nose was able to detect the pathogens (compared to the control). Detection of the pathogens in seedlings will enable foresters to remove diseased trees and prevent the path from nursery to forest plantations by such selection.Piotr BorowikTomasz OszakoTadeusz MalewskiZuzanna ZwierzyńskaLeszek AdamowiczRafał TarakowskiSławomir ŚlusarskiJustyna Anna NowakowskaMDPI AGarticleashdiebackroot rote-noseheat shock proteinforest protectionMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1359, p 1359 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ash dieback root rot e-nose heat shock protein forest protection Medicine R
spellingShingle	ash dieback root rot e-nose heat shock protein forest protection Medicine R Piotr Borowik Tomasz Oszako Tadeusz Malewski Zuzanna Zwierzyńska Leszek Adamowicz Rafał Tarakowski Sławomir Ślusarski Justyna Anna Nowakowska Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
description	Ash shoot dieback has now spread throughout Europe. It is caused by an interaction between fungi that attack shoots (<i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>) and roots (<i>Armillaria</i> spp., in our case <i>Armillaria gallica</i>). While detection of the pathogen is relatively easy when disease symptoms are present, it is virtually impossible when the infestation is latent. Such situations occur in nurseries when seedlings become infected (the spores are carried by the wind several dozen miles). The diseases are masked by pesticides, fertilisers, and adequate irrigation to protect the plants. Root rot that develops in the soil is also difficult to detect. Currently, there is a lack of equipment that can detect root rot pathogens without digging up root systems, which risks damaging trees. For this reason, the use of an electronic nose to detect pathogens in infected tissue of ash trees grown in pots and inoculated with the above fungi was attempted. Disease symptoms were detected in all ash trees exposed to natural infection (via spores) in the forest. The electronic nose was able to detect the pathogens (compared to the control). Detection of the pathogens in seedlings will enable foresters to remove diseased trees and prevent the path from nursery to forest plantations by such selection.
format	article
author	Piotr Borowik Tomasz Oszako Tadeusz Malewski Zuzanna Zwierzyńska Leszek Adamowicz Rafał Tarakowski Sławomir Ślusarski Justyna Anna Nowakowska
author_facet	Piotr Borowik Tomasz Oszako Tadeusz Malewski Zuzanna Zwierzyńska Leszek Adamowicz Rafał Tarakowski Sławomir Ślusarski Justyna Anna Nowakowska
author_sort	Piotr Borowik
title	Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
title_short	Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
title_full	Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
title_fullStr	Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
title_sort	advances in the detection of emerging tree diseases by measurements of vocs and <i>hsp</i>s gene expression, application to ash dieback caused by <i>hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b86f277afd1842b88a65c7601400114b
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Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and <i>HSP</i>s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i>

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