Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM

Abstract We present a new cloud scheme for the ECHAM‐HAM global climate model (GCM) that includes prognostic cloud fraction and allows for subsaturation and supersaturation with respect to ice separately in the cloud‐free and cloudy air. Stratiform clouds form by convective detrainment, turbulent ve...

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Autores principales:	Steffen Muench, Ulrike Lohmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2020
Materias:	clouds climate model cloud cover ice clouds cloud microphysics Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b8715314e4d74e679b836a63bcb765b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b8715314e4d74e679b836a63bcb765b32021-11-15T14:20:27ZDeveloping a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM1942-246610.1029/2019MS001824https://doaj.org/article/b8715314e4d74e679b836a63bcb765b32020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001824https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466Abstract We present a new cloud scheme for the ECHAM‐HAM global climate model (GCM) that includes prognostic cloud fraction and allows for subsaturation and supersaturation with respect to ice separately in the cloud‐free and cloudy air. Stratiform clouds form by convective detrainment, turbulent vertical diffusion, and large‐scale ascent. For each process, the corresponding cloud fraction is calculated, and the individual updraft velocities are used to determine cloud droplet/ice crystal number concentrations. Further, convective condensate is always detrained as supercooled cloud droplets at mixed‐phase temperatures (between 235 and 273 K), and convectively detrained ice crystal number concentrations are calculated based on the updraft velocity. Finally, the new scheme explicitly calculates condensation/evaporation and deposition/sublimation rates for phase‐change calculations. The new cloud scheme simulates a reasonable present‐day climate, reduces the previously overestimated cirrus cloud fraction, and in general improves the simulation of ice clouds. The model simulates the observed in‐cloud supersaturation for cirrus clouds, and it allows for a better representation of the tropical to extra‐tropical ratio of the longwave cloud radiative effect. Further, the ice water path, the ice crystal number concentrations, and the supercooled liquid fractions in mixed‐phase clouds agree better with observations in the new model than in the reference model. Ice crystal formation is dominated by the liquid‐origin processes of convective detrainment and homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets. The simulated ice clouds strongly depend on model tuning choices, in particular, the enhancement of the aggregation rate of ice crystals.Steffen MuenchUlrike LohmannAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)articlecloudsclimate modelcloud coverice cloudscloud microphysicsPhysical geographyGB3-5030OceanographyGC1-1581ENJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol 12, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	clouds climate model cloud cover ice clouds cloud microphysics Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581
spellingShingle	clouds climate model cloud cover ice clouds cloud microphysics Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 Steffen Muench Ulrike Lohmann Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
description	Abstract We present a new cloud scheme for the ECHAM‐HAM global climate model (GCM) that includes prognostic cloud fraction and allows for subsaturation and supersaturation with respect to ice separately in the cloud‐free and cloudy air. Stratiform clouds form by convective detrainment, turbulent vertical diffusion, and large‐scale ascent. For each process, the corresponding cloud fraction is calculated, and the individual updraft velocities are used to determine cloud droplet/ice crystal number concentrations. Further, convective condensate is always detrained as supercooled cloud droplets at mixed‐phase temperatures (between 235 and 273 K), and convectively detrained ice crystal number concentrations are calculated based on the updraft velocity. Finally, the new scheme explicitly calculates condensation/evaporation and deposition/sublimation rates for phase‐change calculations. The new cloud scheme simulates a reasonable present‐day climate, reduces the previously overestimated cirrus cloud fraction, and in general improves the simulation of ice clouds. The model simulates the observed in‐cloud supersaturation for cirrus clouds, and it allows for a better representation of the tropical to extra‐tropical ratio of the longwave cloud radiative effect. Further, the ice water path, the ice crystal number concentrations, and the supercooled liquid fractions in mixed‐phase clouds agree better with observations in the new model than in the reference model. Ice crystal formation is dominated by the liquid‐origin processes of convective detrainment and homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets. The simulated ice clouds strongly depend on model tuning choices, in particular, the enhancement of the aggregation rate of ice crystals.
format	article
author	Steffen Muench Ulrike Lohmann
author_facet	Steffen Muench Ulrike Lohmann
author_sort	Steffen Muench
title	Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
title_short	Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
title_full	Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
title_fullStr	Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
title_full_unstemmed	Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
title_sort	developing a cloud scheme with prognostic cloud fraction and two moment microphysics for echam‐ham
publisher	American Geophysical Union (AGU)
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/b8715314e4d74e679b836a63bcb765b3
work_keys_str_mv	AT steffenmuench developingacloudschemewithprognosticcloudfractionandtwomomentmicrophysicsforechamham AT ulrikelohmann developingacloudschemewithprognosticcloudfractionandtwomomentmicrophysicsforechamham
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Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM

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