Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review

Massimiliano Beghi,1,2 Jerrold F Rosenbaum,3 Cesare Cerri,1,4 Cesare M Cornaggia1,51Psychiatry Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; 2Department of Psychiatry, Salvini Hospital, Rho, Italy; 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4Department of Rehabil...

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Autores principales:	Beghi M, Rosenbaum JF, Cerri C, Cornaggia CM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b873b38a297d4d59991bbae6fca8d5c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b873b38a297d4d59991bbae6fca8d5c02021-12-02T06:55:28ZRisk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review1176-63281178-2021https://doaj.org/article/b873b38a297d4d59991bbae6fca8d5c02013-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/risk-factors-for-fatal-and-nonfatal-repetition-of-suicide-attempts-a-l-a14943https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6328https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Massimiliano Beghi,1,2 Jerrold F Rosenbaum,3 Cesare Cerri,1,4 Cesare M Cornaggia1,51Psychiatry Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; 2Department of Psychiatry, Salvini Hospital, Rho, Italy; 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zucchi Clinical Institute, Carate Brianza, Italy; 5Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Castiglione delle Stiviere, Mantua, ItalyObjectives: This review aimed to identify the evidence for predictors of repetition of suicide attempts, and more specifically for subsequent completed suicide.Methods: We conducted a literature search of PubMed and Embase between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2009, and we excluded studies investigating only special populations (eg, male and female only, children and adolescents, elderly, a specific psychiatric disorder) and studies with sample size fewer than 50 patients.Results: The strongest predictor of a repeated attempt is a previous attempt, followed by being a victim of sexual abuse, poor global functioning, having a psychiatric disorder, being on psychiatric treatment, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse or dependence. For other variables examined (Caucasian ethnicity, having a criminal record, having any mood disorders, bad family environment, and impulsivity) there are indications for a putative correlation as well. For completed suicide, the strongest predictors are older age, suicide ideation, and history of suicide attempt. Living alone, male sex, and alcohol abuse are weakly predictive with a positive correlation (but sustained by very scarce data) for poor impulsivity and a somatic diagnosis.Conclusion: It is difficult to find predictors for repetition of nonfatal suicide attempts, and even more difficult to identify predictors of completed suicide. Suicide ideation and alcohol or substance abuse/dependence, which are, along with depression, the most consistent predictors for initial nonfatal attempt and suicide, are not consistently reported to be very strong predictors for nonfatal repetition.Keywords: suicide, deliberate self-harm, suicide attempt, repetition, predictorsBeghi MRosenbaum JFCerri CCornaggia CMDove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 1725-1736 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Beghi M Rosenbaum JF Cerri C Cornaggia CM Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
description	Massimiliano Beghi,1,2 Jerrold F Rosenbaum,3 Cesare Cerri,1,4 Cesare M Cornaggia1,51Psychiatry Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; 2Department of Psychiatry, Salvini Hospital, Rho, Italy; 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zucchi Clinical Institute, Carate Brianza, Italy; 5Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Castiglione delle Stiviere, Mantua, ItalyObjectives: This review aimed to identify the evidence for predictors of repetition of suicide attempts, and more specifically for subsequent completed suicide.Methods: We conducted a literature search of PubMed and Embase between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2009, and we excluded studies investigating only special populations (eg, male and female only, children and adolescents, elderly, a specific psychiatric disorder) and studies with sample size fewer than 50 patients.Results: The strongest predictor of a repeated attempt is a previous attempt, followed by being a victim of sexual abuse, poor global functioning, having a psychiatric disorder, being on psychiatric treatment, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse or dependence. For other variables examined (Caucasian ethnicity, having a criminal record, having any mood disorders, bad family environment, and impulsivity) there are indications for a putative correlation as well. For completed suicide, the strongest predictors are older age, suicide ideation, and history of suicide attempt. Living alone, male sex, and alcohol abuse are weakly predictive with a positive correlation (but sustained by very scarce data) for poor impulsivity and a somatic diagnosis.Conclusion: It is difficult to find predictors for repetition of nonfatal suicide attempts, and even more difficult to identify predictors of completed suicide. Suicide ideation and alcohol or substance abuse/dependence, which are, along with depression, the most consistent predictors for initial nonfatal attempt and suicide, are not consistently reported to be very strong predictors for nonfatal repetition.Keywords: suicide, deliberate self-harm, suicide attempt, repetition, predictors
format	article
author	Beghi M Rosenbaum JF Cerri C Cornaggia CM
author_facet	Beghi M Rosenbaum JF Cerri C Cornaggia CM
author_sort	Beghi M
title	Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
title_short	Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
title_full	Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
title_fullStr	Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
title_full_unstemmed	Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
title_sort	risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/b873b38a297d4d59991bbae6fca8d5c0
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Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: a literature review

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