Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage

Lidar is the optimum technology for measuring bare-Earth elevation beneath, and the structure of, vegetation. Consequently, airborne laser scanning (ALS) is widely employed for use in a range of applications. However, ALS is not available globally nor frequently updated due to its high cost per unit...

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Autores principales:	Steven Hancock, Ciara McGrath, Christopher Lowe, Ian Davenport, Iain Woodhouse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	The Royal Society 2021
Materias:	lidar satellite global continuous coverage vegetation mapping Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b8764c289886443b8571da95cd6cf221
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b8764c289886443b8571da95cd6cf2212021-12-01T18:08:06ZRequirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage10.1098/rsos.2111662054-5703https://doaj.org/article/b8764c289886443b8571da95cd6cf2212021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211166https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703Lidar is the optimum technology for measuring bare-Earth elevation beneath, and the structure of, vegetation. Consequently, airborne laser scanning (ALS) is widely employed for use in a range of applications. However, ALS is not available globally nor frequently updated due to its high cost per unit area. Spaceborne lidar can map globally but energy requirements limit existing spaceborne lidars to sparse sampling missions, unsuitable for many common ALS applications. This paper derives the equations to calculate the coverage a lidar satellite could achieve for a given set of characteristics (released open-source), then uses a cloud map to determine the number of satellites needed to achieve continuous, global coverage within a certain time-frame. Using the characteristics of existing in-orbit technology, a single lidar satellite could have a continuous swath width of 300 m when producing a 30 m resolution map. Consequently, 12 satellites would be needed to produce a continuous map every 5 years, increasing to 418 satellites for 5 m resolution. Building 12 of the currently in-orbit lidar systems is likely to be prohibitively expensive and so the potential of technological developments to lower the cost of a global lidar system (GLS) are discussed. Once these technologies achieve a sufficient readiness level, a GLS could be cost-effectively realized.Steven HancockCiara McGrathChristopher LoweIan DavenportIain WoodhouseThe Royal Societyarticlelidarsatelliteglobalcontinuous coveragevegetation mappingScienceQENRoyal Society Open Science, Vol 8, Iss 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lidar satellite global continuous coverage vegetation mapping Science Q
spellingShingle	lidar satellite global continuous coverage vegetation mapping Science Q Steven Hancock Ciara McGrath Christopher Lowe Ian Davenport Iain Woodhouse Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
description	Lidar is the optimum technology for measuring bare-Earth elevation beneath, and the structure of, vegetation. Consequently, airborne laser scanning (ALS) is widely employed for use in a range of applications. However, ALS is not available globally nor frequently updated due to its high cost per unit area. Spaceborne lidar can map globally but energy requirements limit existing spaceborne lidars to sparse sampling missions, unsuitable for many common ALS applications. This paper derives the equations to calculate the coverage a lidar satellite could achieve for a given set of characteristics (released open-source), then uses a cloud map to determine the number of satellites needed to achieve continuous, global coverage within a certain time-frame. Using the characteristics of existing in-orbit technology, a single lidar satellite could have a continuous swath width of 300 m when producing a 30 m resolution map. Consequently, 12 satellites would be needed to produce a continuous map every 5 years, increasing to 418 satellites for 5 m resolution. Building 12 of the currently in-orbit lidar systems is likely to be prohibitively expensive and so the potential of technological developments to lower the cost of a global lidar system (GLS) are discussed. Once these technologies achieve a sufficient readiness level, a GLS could be cost-effectively realized.
format	article
author	Steven Hancock Ciara McGrath Christopher Lowe Ian Davenport Iain Woodhouse
author_facet	Steven Hancock Ciara McGrath Christopher Lowe Ian Davenport Iain Woodhouse
author_sort	Steven Hancock
title	Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
title_short	Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
title_full	Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
title_fullStr	Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
title_full_unstemmed	Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
title_sort	requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage
publisher	The Royal Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b8764c289886443b8571da95cd6cf221
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Requirements for a global lidar system: spaceborne lidar with wall-to-wall coverage

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