Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study

Epidemiological studies suggest a link between onchocerciasis and various forms of epilepsy, including nodding syndrome (NS). The aetiopathology of onchocerciasis associated epilepsy remains unknown. This case-control study investigated potential risk factors that may lead to NS and other forms of n...

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Autores principales:	Nolbert Gumisiriza, Marina Kugler, Nele Brusselaers, Frank Mubiru, Ronald Anguzu, Albert Ningwa, Rodney Ogwang, Pamela Akun, Amos Deogratius Mwaka, Catherine Abbo, Rogers Sekibira, An Hotterbeekx, Robert Colebunders, Kevin Marsh, Richard Idro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nodding syndrome epilepsy onchocerciasis Uganda risk factors Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b8a8b4dab12144a687e5d024378acf72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b8a8b4dab12144a687e5d024378acf722021-11-25T18:38:22ZRisk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study10.3390/pathogens101114512076-0817https://doaj.org/article/b8a8b4dab12144a687e5d024378acf722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1451https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817Epidemiological studies suggest a link between onchocerciasis and various forms of epilepsy, including nodding syndrome (NS). The aetiopathology of onchocerciasis associated epilepsy remains unknown. This case-control study investigated potential risk factors that may lead to NS and other forms of non-nodding epilepsy (OFE) in northern Uganda. We consecutively recruited 154 persons with NS (aged between 8 and 20 years), and age-frequency matched them with 154 with OFE and 154 healthy community controls. Participants’ socio-demography, medical, family, and migration histories were recorded. We tested participants for <i>O. volvulus</i> serum antibodies. The 154 controls were used for both OFE and NS separately to determine associations. We recruited 462 people with a median age of 15 years (IQR 14, 17); 260 (56.4%) were males. Independent risk factors associated with the development of NS were the presence of <i>O. volvulus</i> antibodies [aOR 8.79, 95% CI (4.15–18.65), <i>p</i>-value < 0.001] and preterm birth [aOR 2.54, 95% CI (1.02–6.33), <i>p</i>-value = 0.046]. Risk factors for developing OFE were the presence of O. volvulus antibodies [aOR 8.83, 95% CI (4.48–17.86), <i>p</i>-value < 0.001] and being born in the period before migration to IDP camps [aOR 4.28, 95% CI (1.20–15.15), <i>p</i>-value = 0.024]. In conclusion, <i>O. volvulus seropositivity</i> was a risk factor to develop NS and OFE; premature birth was a potential co-factor. Living in IDP camps was not a risk factor for developing NS or OFE.Nolbert GumisirizaMarina KuglerNele BrusselaersFrank MubiruRonald AnguzuAlbert NingwaRodney OgwangPamela AkunAmos Deogratius MwakaCatherine AbboRogers SekibiraAn HotterbeekxRobert ColebundersKevin MarshRichard IdroMDPI AGarticlenodding syndromeepilepsyonchocerciasisUgandarisk factorsMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1451, p 1451 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nodding syndrome epilepsy onchocerciasis Uganda risk factors Medicine R
spellingShingle	nodding syndrome epilepsy onchocerciasis Uganda risk factors Medicine R Nolbert Gumisiriza Marina Kugler Nele Brusselaers Frank Mubiru Ronald Anguzu Albert Ningwa Rodney Ogwang Pamela Akun Amos Deogratius Mwaka Catherine Abbo Rogers Sekibira An Hotterbeekx Robert Colebunders Kevin Marsh Richard Idro Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study
description	Epidemiological studies suggest a link between onchocerciasis and various forms of epilepsy, including nodding syndrome (NS). The aetiopathology of onchocerciasis associated epilepsy remains unknown. This case-control study investigated potential risk factors that may lead to NS and other forms of non-nodding epilepsy (OFE) in northern Uganda. We consecutively recruited 154 persons with NS (aged between 8 and 20 years), and age-frequency matched them with 154 with OFE and 154 healthy community controls. Participants’ socio-demography, medical, family, and migration histories were recorded. We tested participants for <i>O. volvulus</i> serum antibodies. The 154 controls were used for both OFE and NS separately to determine associations. We recruited 462 people with a median age of 15 years (IQR 14, 17); 260 (56.4%) were males. Independent risk factors associated with the development of NS were the presence of <i>O. volvulus</i> antibodies [aOR 8.79, 95% CI (4.15–18.65), <i>p</i>-value < 0.001] and preterm birth [aOR 2.54, 95% CI (1.02–6.33), <i>p</i>-value = 0.046]. Risk factors for developing OFE were the presence of O. volvulus antibodies [aOR 8.83, 95% CI (4.48–17.86), <i>p</i>-value < 0.001] and being born in the period before migration to IDP camps [aOR 4.28, 95% CI (1.20–15.15), <i>p</i>-value = 0.024]. In conclusion, <i>O. volvulus seropositivity</i> was a risk factor to develop NS and OFE; premature birth was a potential co-factor. Living in IDP camps was not a risk factor for developing NS or OFE.
format	article
author	Nolbert Gumisiriza Marina Kugler Nele Brusselaers Frank Mubiru Ronald Anguzu Albert Ningwa Rodney Ogwang Pamela Akun Amos Deogratius Mwaka Catherine Abbo Rogers Sekibira An Hotterbeekx Robert Colebunders Kevin Marsh Richard Idro
author_facet	Nolbert Gumisiriza Marina Kugler Nele Brusselaers Frank Mubiru Ronald Anguzu Albert Ningwa Rodney Ogwang Pamela Akun Amos Deogratius Mwaka Catherine Abbo Rogers Sekibira An Hotterbeekx Robert Colebunders Kevin Marsh Richard Idro
author_sort	Nolbert Gumisiriza
title	Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study
title_short	Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study
title_full	Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study
title_fullStr	Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed	Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study
title_sort	risk factors for nodding syndrome and other forms of epilepsy in northern uganda: a case-control study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b8a8b4dab12144a687e5d024378acf72
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Risk Factors for Nodding Syndrome and Other Forms of Epilepsy in Northern Uganda: A Case-Control Study

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