Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure

The spatial forest structure that drives the functioning of these ecosystems and their response to global change is closely linked to edaphic conditions. However, the latter properties are particularly difficult to characterize in forest areas developed on karst, where soil is highly rocky and heter...

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Autores principales:	Simon Damien Carrière, Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul, Claude Doussan, François Courbet, Hendrik Davi, Guillaume Simioni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hydrogeophysics electromagnetic induction electrical resistivity tomography ecohydrology Mediterranean forest critical zone Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b8aa5824fb2845ec90655832e276e33e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b8aa5824fb2845ec90655832e276e33e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b8aa5824fb2845ec90655832e276e33e2021-11-25T19:15:39ZElectromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure10.3390/w132232182073-4441https://doaj.org/article/b8aa5824fb2845ec90655832e276e33e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3218https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The spatial forest structure that drives the functioning of these ecosystems and their response to global change is closely linked to edaphic conditions. However, the latter properties are particularly difficult to characterize in forest areas developed on karst, where soil is highly rocky and heterogeneous. In this work, we investigated whether geophysics, and more specifically electromagnetic induction (EMI), can provide a better understanding of forest structure. We use EMI (EM31, Geonics Limited, Ontario, Canada) to study the spatial variability of ground properties in two different Mediterranean forests. A naturally post-fire regenerated forest composed of Aleppo pines and Holm oaks and a monospecific plantation of Altlas cedar. To better interpret EMI results, we used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), soil depth surveys, and field observations. Vegetation was also characterized using hemispherical photographs that allowed to calculate plant area index (PAI). Our results show that the variability of ground properties contribute to explaining the variability in the vegetation cover development (plant area index). Vegetation density is higher in areas where the soil is deeper. We showed a significant correlation between edaphic conditions and tree development in the naturally regenerated forest, but this relationship is clearly weaker in the cedar plantation. We hypothesized that regular planting after subsoiling, as well as sylvicultural practices (thinning and pruning) influenced the expected relationship between vegetation structure and soil conditions measured by EMI. This work opens up new research avenues to better understand the interplay between soil and subsoil variability and forest response to climate change.Simon Damien CarrièreNicolas K. Martin-StPaulClaude DoussanFrançois CourbetHendrik DaviGuillaume SimioniMDPI AGarticlehydrogeophysicselectromagnetic inductionelectrical resistivity tomographyecohydrologyMediterranean forestcritical zoneHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3218, p 3218 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydrogeophysics electromagnetic induction electrical resistivity tomography ecohydrology Mediterranean forest critical zone Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	hydrogeophysics electromagnetic induction electrical resistivity tomography ecohydrology Mediterranean forest critical zone Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Simon Damien Carrière Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul Claude Doussan François Courbet Hendrik Davi Guillaume Simioni Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
description	The spatial forest structure that drives the functioning of these ecosystems and their response to global change is closely linked to edaphic conditions. However, the latter properties are particularly difficult to characterize in forest areas developed on karst, where soil is highly rocky and heterogeneous. In this work, we investigated whether geophysics, and more specifically electromagnetic induction (EMI), can provide a better understanding of forest structure. We use EMI (EM31, Geonics Limited, Ontario, Canada) to study the spatial variability of ground properties in two different Mediterranean forests. A naturally post-fire regenerated forest composed of Aleppo pines and Holm oaks and a monospecific plantation of Altlas cedar. To better interpret EMI results, we used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), soil depth surveys, and field observations. Vegetation was also characterized using hemispherical photographs that allowed to calculate plant area index (PAI). Our results show that the variability of ground properties contribute to explaining the variability in the vegetation cover development (plant area index). Vegetation density is higher in areas where the soil is deeper. We showed a significant correlation between edaphic conditions and tree development in the naturally regenerated forest, but this relationship is clearly weaker in the cedar plantation. We hypothesized that regular planting after subsoiling, as well as sylvicultural practices (thinning and pruning) influenced the expected relationship between vegetation structure and soil conditions measured by EMI. This work opens up new research avenues to better understand the interplay between soil and subsoil variability and forest response to climate change.
format	article
author	Simon Damien Carrière Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul Claude Doussan François Courbet Hendrik Davi Guillaume Simioni
author_facet	Simon Damien Carrière Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul Claude Doussan François Courbet Hendrik Davi Guillaume Simioni
author_sort	Simon Damien Carrière
title	Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
title_short	Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
title_full	Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
title_fullStr	Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
title_full_unstemmed	Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
title_sort	electromagnetic induction is a fast and non-destructive approach to estimate the influence of subsurface heterogeneity on forest canopy structure
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b8aa5824fb2845ec90655832e276e33e
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Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure

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