Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment

The major priority of research in the present day is to conserve the environment by reducing GHG emissions. A proposed solution by an expert panel from 195 countries meeting at COP 21 was to increase global SOC stocks by 0.4% year<sup>−1</sup> to compensate for GHG emissions, the ‘<i&...

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Autores principales:	Paola Duran, María de la Luz Mora, Francisco Matus, Patricio Javier Barra, Ignacio Jofré, Yakov Kuzyakov, Carolina Merino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biocrust functions soil microbiota CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions carbon balance mineral weathering Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b92212908929486a910a0d4b0644ff50
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b92212908929486a910a0d4b0644ff502021-11-25T16:47:50ZBiological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment10.3390/biology101111902079-7737https://doaj.org/article/b92212908929486a910a0d4b0644ff502021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1190https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The major priority of research in the present day is to conserve the environment by reducing GHG emissions. A proposed solution by an expert panel from 195 countries meeting at COP 21 was to increase global SOC stocks by 0.4% year<sup>−1</sup> to compensate for GHG emissions, the ‘<i>4 per 1000′</i> agreement. In this context, the application of biocrusts is a promising framework with which to increase SOC and other soil functions in the soil–plant continuum. Despite the importance of biocrusts, their application to agriculture is limited due to: (1) competition with native microbiota, (2) difficulties in applying them on a large scale, (3) a lack of studies based on carbon (C) balance and suitable for model parameterization, and (4) a lack of studies evaluating the contribution of biocrust weathering to increase C sequestration. Considering these four challenges, we propose three perspectives for biocrust application: (1) natural microbiome engineering by a host plant, using biocrusts; (2) quantifying the contribution of biocrusts to C sequestration in soils; and (3) enhanced biocrust weathering to improve C sequestration. Thus, we focus this opinion article on new challenges by using the specialized microbiome of biocrusts to be applied in a new environment to counteract the negative effects of climate change.Paola DuranMaría de la Luz MoraFrancisco MatusPatricio Javier BarraIgnacio JofréYakov KuzyakovCarolina MerinoMDPI AGarticlebiocrust functionssoil microbiotaCO<sub>2</sub> mitigationgreenhouse gas (GHG) emissionscarbon balancemineral weatheringBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1190, p 1190 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biocrust functions soil microbiota CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions carbon balance mineral weathering Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	biocrust functions soil microbiota CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions carbon balance mineral weathering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Paola Duran María de la Luz Mora Francisco Matus Patricio Javier Barra Ignacio Jofré Yakov Kuzyakov Carolina Merino Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment
description	The major priority of research in the present day is to conserve the environment by reducing GHG emissions. A proposed solution by an expert panel from 195 countries meeting at COP 21 was to increase global SOC stocks by 0.4% year<sup>−1</sup> to compensate for GHG emissions, the ‘<i>4 per 1000′</i> agreement. In this context, the application of biocrusts is a promising framework with which to increase SOC and other soil functions in the soil–plant continuum. Despite the importance of biocrusts, their application to agriculture is limited due to: (1) competition with native microbiota, (2) difficulties in applying them on a large scale, (3) a lack of studies based on carbon (C) balance and suitable for model parameterization, and (4) a lack of studies evaluating the contribution of biocrust weathering to increase C sequestration. Considering these four challenges, we propose three perspectives for biocrust application: (1) natural microbiome engineering by a host plant, using biocrusts; (2) quantifying the contribution of biocrusts to C sequestration in soils; and (3) enhanced biocrust weathering to improve C sequestration. Thus, we focus this opinion article on new challenges by using the specialized microbiome of biocrusts to be applied in a new environment to counteract the negative effects of climate change.
format	article
author	Paola Duran María de la Luz Mora Francisco Matus Patricio Javier Barra Ignacio Jofré Yakov Kuzyakov Carolina Merino
author_facet	Paola Duran María de la Luz Mora Francisco Matus Patricio Javier Barra Ignacio Jofré Yakov Kuzyakov Carolina Merino
author_sort	Paola Duran
title	Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment
title_short	Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment
title_full	Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment
title_fullStr	Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment
title_full_unstemmed	Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment
title_sort	biological crusts to increase soil carbon sequestration: new challenges in a new environment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b92212908929486a910a0d4b0644ff50
work_keys_str_mv	AT paoladuran biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment AT mariadelaluzmora biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment AT franciscomatus biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment AT patriciojavierbarra biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment AT ignaciojofre biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment AT yakovkuzyakov biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment AT carolinamerino biologicalcruststoincreasesoilcarbonsequestrationnewchallengesinanewenvironment
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Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment

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