The monogenean which lost its clamps.

Ectoparasites face a daily challenge: to remain attached to their hosts. Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans usually attach to the surface of fish gills using highly specialized structures, the sclerotized clamps. In the original description of the protomicrocotylid species Lethacotyle fijiensis, descri...

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Autores principales:	Jean-Lou Justine, Chahrazed Rahmouni, Delphine Gey, Charlotte Schoelinck, Eric P Hoberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b92bae3744c94715a23b4d98653823ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b92bae3744c94715a23b4d98653823ba2021-11-18T08:45:05ZThe monogenean which lost its clamps.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0079155https://doaj.org/article/b92bae3744c94715a23b4d98653823ba2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24278118/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Ectoparasites face a daily challenge: to remain attached to their hosts. Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans usually attach to the surface of fish gills using highly specialized structures, the sclerotized clamps. In the original description of the protomicrocotylid species Lethacotyle fijiensis, described 60 years ago, the clamps were considered to be absent but few specimens were available and this observation was later questioned. In addition, genera within the family Protomicrocotylidae have either clamps of the "gastrocotylid" or the "microcotylid" types; this puzzled systematists because these clamp types are characteristic of distinct, major groups. Discovery of another, new, species of the genus Lethacotyle, has allowed us to explore the nature of the attachment structures in protomicrocotylids. Lethacotyle vera n. sp. is described from the gills of the carangid Caranx papuensis off New Caledonia. It is distinguished from Lethacotyle fijiensis, the only other species of the genus, by the length of the male copulatory spines. Sequences of 28S rDNA were used to build a tree, in which Lethacotyle vera grouped with other protomicrocotylids. The identity of the host fish was confirmed with COI barcodes. We observed that protomicrocotylids have specialized structures associated with their attachment organ, such as lateral flaps and transverse striations, which are not known in other monogeneans. We thus hypothesized that the clamps in protomicrocotylids were sequentially lost during evolution, coinciding with the development of other attachment structures. To test the hypothesis, we calculated the surfaces of clamps and body in 120 species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans, based on published descriptions. The ratio of clamp surface: body surface was the lowest in protomicrocotylids. We conclude that clamps in protomicrocotylids are vestigial organs, and that occurrence of "gastrocotylid" and simpler "microcotylid" clamps within the same family are steps in an evolutionary sequence, leading to the absence of these attributes in species of Lethacotyle.Jean-Lou JustineChahrazed RahmouniDelphine GeyCharlotte SchoelinckEric P HobergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e79155 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jean-Lou Justine Chahrazed Rahmouni Delphine Gey Charlotte Schoelinck Eric P Hoberg The monogenean which lost its clamps.
description	Ectoparasites face a daily challenge: to remain attached to their hosts. Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans usually attach to the surface of fish gills using highly specialized structures, the sclerotized clamps. In the original description of the protomicrocotylid species Lethacotyle fijiensis, described 60 years ago, the clamps were considered to be absent but few specimens were available and this observation was later questioned. In addition, genera within the family Protomicrocotylidae have either clamps of the "gastrocotylid" or the "microcotylid" types; this puzzled systematists because these clamp types are characteristic of distinct, major groups. Discovery of another, new, species of the genus Lethacotyle, has allowed us to explore the nature of the attachment structures in protomicrocotylids. Lethacotyle vera n. sp. is described from the gills of the carangid Caranx papuensis off New Caledonia. It is distinguished from Lethacotyle fijiensis, the only other species of the genus, by the length of the male copulatory spines. Sequences of 28S rDNA were used to build a tree, in which Lethacotyle vera grouped with other protomicrocotylids. The identity of the host fish was confirmed with COI barcodes. We observed that protomicrocotylids have specialized structures associated with their attachment organ, such as lateral flaps and transverse striations, which are not known in other monogeneans. We thus hypothesized that the clamps in protomicrocotylids were sequentially lost during evolution, coinciding with the development of other attachment structures. To test the hypothesis, we calculated the surfaces of clamps and body in 120 species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans, based on published descriptions. The ratio of clamp surface: body surface was the lowest in protomicrocotylids. We conclude that clamps in protomicrocotylids are vestigial organs, and that occurrence of "gastrocotylid" and simpler "microcotylid" clamps within the same family are steps in an evolutionary sequence, leading to the absence of these attributes in species of Lethacotyle.
format	article
author	Jean-Lou Justine Chahrazed Rahmouni Delphine Gey Charlotte Schoelinck Eric P Hoberg
author_facet	Jean-Lou Justine Chahrazed Rahmouni Delphine Gey Charlotte Schoelinck Eric P Hoberg
author_sort	Jean-Lou Justine
title	The monogenean which lost its clamps.
title_short	The monogenean which lost its clamps.
title_full	The monogenean which lost its clamps.
title_fullStr	The monogenean which lost its clamps.
title_full_unstemmed	The monogenean which lost its clamps.
title_sort	monogenean which lost its clamps.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/b92bae3744c94715a23b4d98653823ba
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The monogenean which lost its clamps.

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