A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. It is considered a neglected infectious disease of human and veterinary concern. Our group has been investigating proteins annotated as hypothetical, predicted to be located on the leptospiral surface. Because of their locat...

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Autores principales:	Brenda B. Daroz, Luis G. V. Fernandes, Maria F. Cavenague, Leandro T. Kochi, Felipe J. Passalia, Maria B. Takahashi, Edson G. Nascimento Filho, Aline F. Teixeira, Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	leptospiral proteins host-pathogen interactions extracellular matrix components leptospiral mutagenesis tools cadherins components of complement system Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9396c0ccbd54afcba669c5036d65c39
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9396c0ccbd54afcba669c5036d65c392021-12-01T02:44:50ZA Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations2235-298810.3389/fcimb.2021.777709https://doaj.org/article/b9396c0ccbd54afcba669c5036d65c392021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.777709/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2235-2988Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. It is considered a neglected infectious disease of human and veterinary concern. Our group has been investigating proteins annotated as hypothetical, predicted to be located on the leptospiral surface. Because of their location, these proteins may have the ability to interact with various host components, which could allow establishment of the infection. These proteins act as adherence factors by binding to host receptor molecules, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) components laminin and glycosaminoglycans to help bacterial colonization. Leptospira also interacts with the host fibrinolytic system, which has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for invasion mechanisms. The interaction with fibrinogen and thrombin has been shown to reduce fibrin clot formation. Additionally, the degradation of coagulation cascade components by secreted proteases or by acquired surface plasmin could also play a role in reducing clot formation, hence facilitating dissemination during infection. Interaction with host complement system regulators also plays a role in helping bacteria to evade the immune system, facilitating invasion. Interaction of Leptospira to cell receptors, such as cadherins, can contribute to investigate molecules that participate in virulence. To achieve a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, leptospiral mutagenesis tools have been developed and explored. This work presents several proteins that mediate binding to components of the ECM, plasma, components of the complement system and cells, to gather research achievements that can be helpful in better understanding the mechanisms of leptospiral-host interactions and discuss genetic manipulation for Leptospira spp. aimed at protein function validation.Brenda B. DarozBrenda B. DarozLuis G. V. FernandesMaria F. CavenagueMaria F. CavenagueLeandro T. KochiLeandro T. KochiFelipe J. PassaliaFelipe J. PassaliaMaria B. TakahashiMaria B. TakahashiEdson G. Nascimento FilhoEdson G. Nascimento FilhoAline F. TeixeiraAna L. T. O. NascimentoAna L. T. O. NascimentoFrontiers Media S.A.articleleptospiral proteinshost-pathogen interactionsextracellular matrix componentsleptospiral mutagenesis toolscadherinscomponents of complement systemMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	leptospiral proteins host-pathogen interactions extracellular matrix components leptospiral mutagenesis tools cadherins components of complement system Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	leptospiral proteins host-pathogen interactions extracellular matrix components leptospiral mutagenesis tools cadherins components of complement system Microbiology QR1-502 Brenda B. Daroz Brenda B. Daroz Luis G. V. Fernandes Maria F. Cavenague Maria F. Cavenague Leandro T. Kochi Leandro T. Kochi Felipe J. Passalia Felipe J. Passalia Maria B. Takahashi Maria B. Takahashi Edson G. Nascimento Filho Edson G. Nascimento Filho Aline F. Teixeira Ana L. T. O. Nascimento Ana L. T. O. Nascimento A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations
description	Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. It is considered a neglected infectious disease of human and veterinary concern. Our group has been investigating proteins annotated as hypothetical, predicted to be located on the leptospiral surface. Because of their location, these proteins may have the ability to interact with various host components, which could allow establishment of the infection. These proteins act as adherence factors by binding to host receptor molecules, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) components laminin and glycosaminoglycans to help bacterial colonization. Leptospira also interacts with the host fibrinolytic system, which has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for invasion mechanisms. The interaction with fibrinogen and thrombin has been shown to reduce fibrin clot formation. Additionally, the degradation of coagulation cascade components by secreted proteases or by acquired surface plasmin could also play a role in reducing clot formation, hence facilitating dissemination during infection. Interaction with host complement system regulators also plays a role in helping bacteria to evade the immune system, facilitating invasion. Interaction of Leptospira to cell receptors, such as cadherins, can contribute to investigate molecules that participate in virulence. To achieve a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, leptospiral mutagenesis tools have been developed and explored. This work presents several proteins that mediate binding to components of the ECM, plasma, components of the complement system and cells, to gather research achievements that can be helpful in better understanding the mechanisms of leptospiral-host interactions and discuss genetic manipulation for Leptospira spp. aimed at protein function validation.
format	article
author	Brenda B. Daroz Brenda B. Daroz Luis G. V. Fernandes Maria F. Cavenague Maria F. Cavenague Leandro T. Kochi Leandro T. Kochi Felipe J. Passalia Felipe J. Passalia Maria B. Takahashi Maria B. Takahashi Edson G. Nascimento Filho Edson G. Nascimento Filho Aline F. Teixeira Ana L. T. O. Nascimento Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
author_facet	Brenda B. Daroz Brenda B. Daroz Luis G. V. Fernandes Maria F. Cavenague Maria F. Cavenague Leandro T. Kochi Leandro T. Kochi Felipe J. Passalia Felipe J. Passalia Maria B. Takahashi Maria B. Takahashi Edson G. Nascimento Filho Edson G. Nascimento Filho Aline F. Teixeira Ana L. T. O. Nascimento Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
author_sort	Brenda B. Daroz
title	A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations
title_short	A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations
title_full	A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations
title_fullStr	A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations
title_full_unstemmed	A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations
title_sort	review on host-leptospira interactions: what we know and future expectations
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9396c0ccbd54afcba669c5036d65c39
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A Review on Host-Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations

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