Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes

Tae Sasakabe1, Hajime Haimoto2, Hiroyuki Umegaki3, Kenji Wakai41Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haimoto Clinic, Yayoi, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Haimoto Clinic, Yayoi, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 3Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Ts...

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Autores principales:	Sasakabe T, Haimoto H, Umegaki H, Wakai K
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2011
Materias:	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b942b8f36c1b4ee6916463c119281d1c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b942b8f36c1b4ee6916463c119281d1c2021-12-02T05:48:56ZEffects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/b942b8f36c1b4ee6916463c119281d1c2011-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-a-moderate-low-carbohydrate-diet-on-preferential-abdominal--a7295https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Tae Sasakabe1, Hajime Haimoto2, Hiroyuki Umegaki3, Kenji Wakai41Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haimoto Clinic, Yayoi, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Haimoto Clinic, Yayoi, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 3Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanBackground: Reports have shown that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is more closely linked to cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We aimed to elucidate preferential abdominal fat loss and the correlations between abdominal fat reductions and changes in CRFs achieved with a moderate low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Patients and methods: Fifty-two outpatients (28 men and 24 women, mean age &plusmn; SD: 60.0 &plusmn; 10.5 years) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels &ge; 6.5% were on an LCD for 6 months. Over a 6-month period, we measured their abdominal fat distribution (using CT) and assessed CRFs, including body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels.Results: The patients showed good compliance with the LCD (1812 &plusmn; 375 kcal/day, % carbo-hydrate:fat:protein = 35:40:19 for men; 1706 &plusmn; 323 kcal/day, % carbohydrate:fat:protein = 41:36:21 for women). Significant decreases (P = 0.05) in BMI and HbA1c levels were observed, along with an increase in HDL-C (P = 0.021) in men and a decrease in LDL-C (P = 0.001) in women. VAT (&ndash;21.6 cm&sup2;, P &lt; 0.001 in men; &ndash;19.6 cm&sup2;, P &lt; 0.001 in women) and SAT (&ndash;13.5 cm&sup2;, P = 0.004 in men; &ndash;19.1 cm&sup2;, P = 0.003 in women) significantly decreased. The loss of VAT (%&Delta;VAT) was greater than that of SAT (%&Delta;SAT) in women (P = 0.022). A similar but not significant predominance of VAT loss was detected in men (P = 0.111). In women, the %&Delta;SAT significantly correlated with changes in FBG (&Delta;FBG) (r = 0.417) and HDL-C (&Delta;HDL) (r = &ndash;0.720), as was %&Delta;VAT with changes in triglyceride (&Delta;TG) (r = 0.591).Conclusion: Six months of a moderate LCD resulted in preferential VAT loss only in women, with significant correlations between %&Delta;SAT and both &Delta;HDL and &Delta;FBG, as well as between %&Delta;VAT and &Delta;TG. Our results suggest that an LCD has the potential to reduce abdominal fat in patients with T2DM and deterioration of serum lipid profiles.Keywords: low-carbohydrate diet, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, cardiovascular risk factorsSasakabe THaimoto HUmegaki HWakai KDove Medical PressarticleSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol 2011, Iss default, Pp 167-174 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Sasakabe T Haimoto H Umegaki H Wakai K Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
description	Tae Sasakabe1, Hajime Haimoto2, Hiroyuki Umegaki3, Kenji Wakai41Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haimoto Clinic, Yayoi, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Haimoto Clinic, Yayoi, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 3Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanBackground: Reports have shown that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is more closely linked to cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We aimed to elucidate preferential abdominal fat loss and the correlations between abdominal fat reductions and changes in CRFs achieved with a moderate low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Patients and methods: Fifty-two outpatients (28 men and 24 women, mean age &plusmn; SD: 60.0 &plusmn; 10.5 years) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels &ge; 6.5% were on an LCD for 6 months. Over a 6-month period, we measured their abdominal fat distribution (using CT) and assessed CRFs, including body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels.Results: The patients showed good compliance with the LCD (1812 &plusmn; 375 kcal/day, % carbo-hydrate:fat:protein = 35:40:19 for men; 1706 &plusmn; 323 kcal/day, % carbohydrate:fat:protein = 41:36:21 for women). Significant decreases (P = 0.05) in BMI and HbA1c levels were observed, along with an increase in HDL-C (P = 0.021) in men and a decrease in LDL-C (P = 0.001) in women. VAT (&ndash;21.6 cm&sup2;, P &lt; 0.001 in men; &ndash;19.6 cm&sup2;, P &lt; 0.001 in women) and SAT (&ndash;13.5 cm&sup2;, P = 0.004 in men; &ndash;19.1 cm&sup2;, P = 0.003 in women) significantly decreased. The loss of VAT (%&Delta;VAT) was greater than that of SAT (%&Delta;SAT) in women (P = 0.022). A similar but not significant predominance of VAT loss was detected in men (P = 0.111). In women, the %&Delta;SAT significantly correlated with changes in FBG (&Delta;FBG) (r = 0.417) and HDL-C (&Delta;HDL) (r = &ndash;0.720), as was %&Delta;VAT with changes in triglyceride (&Delta;TG) (r = 0.591).Conclusion: Six months of a moderate LCD resulted in preferential VAT loss only in women, with significant correlations between %&Delta;SAT and both &Delta;HDL and &Delta;FBG, as well as between %&Delta;VAT and &Delta;TG. Our results suggest that an LCD has the potential to reduce abdominal fat in patients with T2DM and deterioration of serum lipid profiles.Keywords: low-carbohydrate diet, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, cardiovascular risk factors
format	article
author	Sasakabe T Haimoto H Umegaki H Wakai K
author_facet	Sasakabe T Haimoto H Umegaki H Wakai K
author_sort	Sasakabe T
title	Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_short	Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_full	Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_fullStr	Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_sort	effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/b942b8f36c1b4ee6916463c119281d1c
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Effects of a moderate low-carbohydrate diet on preferential abdominal fat loss and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes

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