Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids

The present work reports the synthesis of a stable aqueous magnetic fluid (AMF) by dispersing double-surfactant-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in water using a facile ambient scalable wet chemical route. MNPs do not disperse well in water, re...

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Autores principales:	Saurabh Pathak, Rajni Verma, Prashant Kumar, Arjun Singh, Sakshi Singhal, Pragati Sharma, Komal Jain, Rajendra Prasad Pant, Xu Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ferromagnetic resonance magnetic nanoparticles Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spin dynamics Langevin fitting Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9472faf6ff34e63868ae4738f07c10e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9472faf6ff34e63868ae4738f07c10e2021-11-25T18:31:37ZFacile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids10.3390/nano111130092079-4991https://doaj.org/article/b9472faf6ff34e63868ae4738f07c10e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3009https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991The present work reports the synthesis of a stable aqueous magnetic fluid (AMF) by dispersing double-surfactant-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in water using a facile ambient scalable wet chemical route. MNPs do not disperse well in water, resulting in low stability. This was improved by dispersing double-surfactant (oleic acid and sodium oleate)-coated MNPs in water, where cross-linking between the surfactants improves the stability of the AMFs. The stability was probed by rheological measurements and all the AMF samples showed a good long-term stability and stability against a gradient magnetic field. Further, the microwave spin resonance behavior of AMFs was studied in detail by corroborating the experimental results obtained from the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique to theoretical predictions by appropriate fittings. A broad spectrum was perceived for AMFs which indicates strong ferromagnetic characteristics. The resonance field shifted to higher magnetic field values with the decrease in particle size as larger-size MNPs magnetize and demagnetize more easily since their magnetic spins can align in the field direction more definitely. The FMR spectra was fitted to obtain various spin resonance parameters. The asymmetric shapes of the FMR spectra were observed with a decrease in particle sizes, which indicates an increase in relaxation time. The relaxation time increased with a decrease in particle sizes (sample A to D) from 37.2779 ps to 42.8301 ps. Further, a detailed investigation of the structural, morphological, and dc magnetic properties of the AMF samples was performed. Room temperature dc magnetic measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) characteristics of the AMF and the <i>M</i>-<i>H</i> plot for each sample was fitted with a Langevin function to obtain the domain magnetization, permeability, and hydrodynamic diameter of the MNPs. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the AMF samples increased with the increase in dispersed MNPs’ size of the samples. The improvement in the stability and magnetic characteristics makes AMFs suitable candidates for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, and biomedicines.Saurabh PathakRajni VermaPrashant KumarArjun SinghSakshi SinghalPragati SharmaKomal JainRajendra Prasad PantXu WangMDPI AGarticleferromagnetic resonancemagnetic nanoparticlesFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>spin dynamicsLangevin fittingChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3009, p 3009 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ferromagnetic resonance magnetic nanoparticles Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spin dynamics Langevin fitting Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	ferromagnetic resonance magnetic nanoparticles Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spin dynamics Langevin fitting Chemistry QD1-999 Saurabh Pathak Rajni Verma Prashant Kumar Arjun Singh Sakshi Singhal Pragati Sharma Komal Jain Rajendra Prasad Pant Xu Wang Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids
description	The present work reports the synthesis of a stable aqueous magnetic fluid (AMF) by dispersing double-surfactant-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in water using a facile ambient scalable wet chemical route. MNPs do not disperse well in water, resulting in low stability. This was improved by dispersing double-surfactant (oleic acid and sodium oleate)-coated MNPs in water, where cross-linking between the surfactants improves the stability of the AMFs. The stability was probed by rheological measurements and all the AMF samples showed a good long-term stability and stability against a gradient magnetic field. Further, the microwave spin resonance behavior of AMFs was studied in detail by corroborating the experimental results obtained from the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique to theoretical predictions by appropriate fittings. A broad spectrum was perceived for AMFs which indicates strong ferromagnetic characteristics. The resonance field shifted to higher magnetic field values with the decrease in particle size as larger-size MNPs magnetize and demagnetize more easily since their magnetic spins can align in the field direction more definitely. The FMR spectra was fitted to obtain various spin resonance parameters. The asymmetric shapes of the FMR spectra were observed with a decrease in particle sizes, which indicates an increase in relaxation time. The relaxation time increased with a decrease in particle sizes (sample A to D) from 37.2779 ps to 42.8301 ps. Further, a detailed investigation of the structural, morphological, and dc magnetic properties of the AMF samples was performed. Room temperature dc magnetic measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) characteristics of the AMF and the <i>M</i>-<i>H</i> plot for each sample was fitted with a Langevin function to obtain the domain magnetization, permeability, and hydrodynamic diameter of the MNPs. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the AMF samples increased with the increase in dispersed MNPs’ size of the samples. The improvement in the stability and magnetic characteristics makes AMFs suitable candidates for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, and biomedicines.
format	article
author	Saurabh Pathak Rajni Verma Prashant Kumar Arjun Singh Sakshi Singhal Pragati Sharma Komal Jain Rajendra Prasad Pant Xu Wang
author_facet	Saurabh Pathak Rajni Verma Prashant Kumar Arjun Singh Sakshi Singhal Pragati Sharma Komal Jain Rajendra Prasad Pant Xu Wang
author_sort	Saurabh Pathak
title	Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids
title_short	Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids
title_full	Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids
title_fullStr	Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids
title_full_unstemmed	Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids
title_sort	facile synthesis, static, and dynamic magnetic characteristics of varying size double-surfactant-coated mesoscopic magnetic nanoparticles dispersed stable aqueous magnetic fluids
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9472faf6ff34e63868ae4738f07c10e
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Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids

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