Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

Background: Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human–machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outc...

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Autores principales: Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Anne-Maree Parrish, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Saud Alotaibi, Hassan Hosseinzadeh
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/b94e7c4f736a47ae80de5e1387e69ec4
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:b94e7c4f736a47ae80de5e1387e69ec42021-11-25T17:52:32ZSmartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review10.3390/ijerph1822122571660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/b94e7c4f736a47ae80de5e1387e69ec42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12257https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Background: Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human–machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.Zubair Ahmed RatanAnne-Maree ParrishSojib Bin ZamanMohammad Saud AlotaibiHassan HosseinzadehMDPI AGarticlesmartphoneaddictionhealth outcomesMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12257, p 12257 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic smartphone
addiction
health outcomes
Medicine
R
spellingShingle smartphone
addiction
health outcomes
Medicine
R
Zubair Ahmed Ratan
Anne-Maree Parrish
Sojib Bin Zaman
Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
description Background: Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human–machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.
format article
author Zubair Ahmed Ratan
Anne-Maree Parrish
Sojib Bin Zaman
Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
author_facet Zubair Ahmed Ratan
Anne-Maree Parrish
Sojib Bin Zaman
Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
author_sort Zubair Ahmed Ratan
title Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
title_short Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
title_full Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
title_sort smartphone addiction and associated health outcomes in adult populations: a systematic review
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/b94e7c4f736a47ae80de5e1387e69ec4
work_keys_str_mv AT zubairahmedratan smartphoneaddictionandassociatedhealthoutcomesinadultpopulationsasystematicreview
AT annemareeparrish smartphoneaddictionandassociatedhealthoutcomesinadultpopulationsasystematicreview
AT sojibbinzaman smartphoneaddictionandassociatedhealthoutcomesinadultpopulationsasystematicreview
AT mohammadsaudalotaibi smartphoneaddictionandassociatedhealthoutcomesinadultpopulationsasystematicreview
AT hassanhosseinzadeh smartphoneaddictionandassociatedhealthoutcomesinadultpopulationsasystematicreview
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