Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory

Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and stud...

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Autores principales:	Dragan Adamović, Zoran Čepić, Savka Adamović, Milena Stošić, Boris Obrovski, Slobodan Morača, Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	indoor formaldehyde exposure occupational exposure anatomical specimens unhealthy workplace cancer risk Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9548b961a1747e8b64d7d799ba5ba4d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9548b961a1747e8b64d7d799ba5ba4d2021-11-11T16:20:45ZOccupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory10.3390/ijerph1821111981660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/b9548b961a1747e8b64d7d799ba5ba4d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11198https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and students that are exposed to FA based on the results of three monitoring campaigns, as well as to suggest permanent solutions to the problem of FA exposure based on the results obtained. Three sampling campaigns of formaldehyde concentration in indoor environments were conducted at five different locations at the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine with the purpose of assessing permanent employees’ and medical faculty first year students’ exposure to FA. Indoor air was continuously sampled during 8 h of laboratory work and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Method 3500. Exceeding of the 8 h time-weighted average (8 h TWA) values recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of 0.75 ppm was recorded in 37% of the samples during the three-month monitoring campaign. Cancer risk assessment levels for permanent employees were in the range from 6.43 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 8.77 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, while the cancer risk assessment levels for students ranged from 8.94 × 10<sup>−7</sup> to 1.83 × 10<sup>−6</sup>. The results of the research show that cancer risk assessment for employees is several thousand times higher than the limit recommended by the EPA (10<sup>−6</sup>) and point to the importance of reducing exposure to formaldehyde through the reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, continual monitoring, the use of formaldehyde-free products, and plastination of anatomical specimens.Dragan AdamovićZoran ČepićSavka AdamovićMilena StošićBoris ObrovskiSlobodan MoračaMirjana Vojinović MiloradovMDPI AGarticleindoor formaldehyde exposureoccupational exposureanatomical specimensunhealthy workplacecancer riskMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11198, p 11198 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	indoor formaldehyde exposure occupational exposure anatomical specimens unhealthy workplace cancer risk Medicine R
spellingShingle	indoor formaldehyde exposure occupational exposure anatomical specimens unhealthy workplace cancer risk Medicine R Dragan Adamović Zoran Čepić Savka Adamović Milena Stošić Boris Obrovski Slobodan Morača Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory
description	Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and students that are exposed to FA based on the results of three monitoring campaigns, as well as to suggest permanent solutions to the problem of FA exposure based on the results obtained. Three sampling campaigns of formaldehyde concentration in indoor environments were conducted at five different locations at the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine with the purpose of assessing permanent employees’ and medical faculty first year students’ exposure to FA. Indoor air was continuously sampled during 8 h of laboratory work and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Method 3500. Exceeding of the 8 h time-weighted average (8 h TWA) values recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of 0.75 ppm was recorded in 37% of the samples during the three-month monitoring campaign. Cancer risk assessment levels for permanent employees were in the range from 6.43 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 8.77 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, while the cancer risk assessment levels for students ranged from 8.94 × 10<sup>−7</sup> to 1.83 × 10<sup>−6</sup>. The results of the research show that cancer risk assessment for employees is several thousand times higher than the limit recommended by the EPA (10<sup>−6</sup>) and point to the importance of reducing exposure to formaldehyde through the reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, continual monitoring, the use of formaldehyde-free products, and plastination of anatomical specimens.
format	article
author	Dragan Adamović Zoran Čepić Savka Adamović Milena Stošić Boris Obrovski Slobodan Morača Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov
author_facet	Dragan Adamović Zoran Čepić Savka Adamović Milena Stošić Boris Obrovski Slobodan Morača Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov
author_sort	Dragan Adamović
title	Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory
title_short	Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory
title_full	Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory
title_fullStr	Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory
title_full_unstemmed	Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory
title_sort	occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cancer risk assessment in an anatomy laboratory
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9548b961a1747e8b64d7d799ba5ba4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT draganadamovic occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory AT zorancepic occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory AT savkaadamovic occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory AT milenastosic occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory AT borisobrovski occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory AT slobodanmoraca occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory AT mirjanavojinovicmiloradov occupationalexposuretoformaldehydeandcancerriskassessmentinananatomylaboratory
_version_	1718432378953662464

Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory

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