Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.

<h4>Background</h4>There is evidence that slow wave sleep (SWS) promotes the consolidation of memories that are subserved by mediotemporal- and hippocampo-cortical neural networks. In contrast to implicit memories, explicit memories are accompanied by conscious (attentive and controlled)...

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Autores principales:	Juliana Yordanova, Vasil Kolev, Ullrich Wagner, Rolf Verleger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b973bebc0fcc49ceb88db2b5cf389a83
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b973bebc0fcc49ceb88db2b5cf389a832021-11-25T06:22:29ZCovert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0005675https://doaj.org/article/b973bebc0fcc49ceb88db2b5cf389a832009-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19479080/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>There is evidence that slow wave sleep (SWS) promotes the consolidation of memories that are subserved by mediotemporal- and hippocampo-cortical neural networks. In contrast to implicit memories, explicit memories are accompanied by conscious (attentive and controlled) processing. Awareness at pre-sleep encoding has been recognized as critical for the off-line memory consolidation. The present study elucidated the role of task-dependent cortical activation guided by attentional control at pre-sleep encoding for the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories during sleep.<h4>Methodology</h4>A task with a hidden regularity was used (Number Reduction Task, NRT), in which the responses that can be implicitly predicted by the hidden regularity activate hippocampo-cortical networks more strongly than responses that cannot be predicted. Task performance was evaluated before and after early-night sleep, rich in SWS, and late-night sleep, rich in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In implicit conditions, slow cortical potentials (SPs) were analyzed to reflect the amount of controlled processing and the localization of activated neural task representations.<h4>Principal findings</h4>During implicit learning before sleep, the amount of controlled processing did not differ between unpredictable and predictable responses, nor between early- and late-night sleep groups. A topographic re-distribution of SPs indicating a spatial reorganization occurred only after early, not after late sleep, and only for predictable responses. These SP changes correlated with the amount of SWS and were covert because off-line RT decrease did not differentiate response types or sleep groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>It is concluded that SWS promotes the neural reorganization of task representations that rely on the hippocampal system despite absence of conscious access to these representations.<h4>Significance</h4>Original neurophysiologic evidence is provided for the role of SWS in the consolidation of memories encoded with hippocampo-cortical interaction before sleep. It is demonstrated that this SWS-mediated mechanism does not depend critically on explicitness at learning nor on the amount of controlled executive processing during pre-sleep encoding.Juliana YordanovaVasil KolevUllrich WagnerRolf VerlegerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 5, p e5675 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Juliana Yordanova Vasil Kolev Ullrich Wagner Rolf Verleger Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
description	<h4>Background</h4>There is evidence that slow wave sleep (SWS) promotes the consolidation of memories that are subserved by mediotemporal- and hippocampo-cortical neural networks. In contrast to implicit memories, explicit memories are accompanied by conscious (attentive and controlled) processing. Awareness at pre-sleep encoding has been recognized as critical for the off-line memory consolidation. The present study elucidated the role of task-dependent cortical activation guided by attentional control at pre-sleep encoding for the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories during sleep.<h4>Methodology</h4>A task with a hidden regularity was used (Number Reduction Task, NRT), in which the responses that can be implicitly predicted by the hidden regularity activate hippocampo-cortical networks more strongly than responses that cannot be predicted. Task performance was evaluated before and after early-night sleep, rich in SWS, and late-night sleep, rich in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In implicit conditions, slow cortical potentials (SPs) were analyzed to reflect the amount of controlled processing and the localization of activated neural task representations.<h4>Principal findings</h4>During implicit learning before sleep, the amount of controlled processing did not differ between unpredictable and predictable responses, nor between early- and late-night sleep groups. A topographic re-distribution of SPs indicating a spatial reorganization occurred only after early, not after late sleep, and only for predictable responses. These SP changes correlated with the amount of SWS and were covert because off-line RT decrease did not differentiate response types or sleep groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>It is concluded that SWS promotes the neural reorganization of task representations that rely on the hippocampal system despite absence of conscious access to these representations.<h4>Significance</h4>Original neurophysiologic evidence is provided for the role of SWS in the consolidation of memories encoded with hippocampo-cortical interaction before sleep. It is demonstrated that this SWS-mediated mechanism does not depend critically on explicitness at learning nor on the amount of controlled executive processing during pre-sleep encoding.
format	article
author	Juliana Yordanova Vasil Kolev Ullrich Wagner Rolf Verleger
author_facet	Juliana Yordanova Vasil Kolev Ullrich Wagner Rolf Verleger
author_sort	Juliana Yordanova
title	Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
title_short	Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
title_full	Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
title_fullStr	Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
title_full_unstemmed	Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
title_sort	covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/b973bebc0fcc49ceb88db2b5cf389a83
work_keys_str_mv	AT julianayordanova covertreorganizationofimplicittaskrepresentationsbyslowwavesleep AT vasilkolev covertreorganizationofimplicittaskrepresentationsbyslowwavesleep AT ullrichwagner covertreorganizationofimplicittaskrepresentationsbyslowwavesleep AT rolfverleger covertreorganizationofimplicittaskrepresentationsbyslowwavesleep
_version_	1718413823657902080

Covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep.

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