Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy

Climate change and the potential depletion of fossil fuels have increased international demand for alternative and renewable energy sources. In terms of the energy sector, for example, most of the South-East Asian countries (SACs) have a large number of biomass sources due to their vast forest resou...

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Autores principales:	Natt Makul, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran, Mohammed S. Al-Akwaa, Karol Pralat, Darya Nemova, Kirill Petropavlovskii, Tatiana Novichenkova, Victoria Petropavlovskaya, Mikhail Sulman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biomass recycling energy fuel energy model Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b99f26887b3241febb660c3077237c67
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b99f26887b3241febb660c3077237c672021-11-11T18:03:22ZUtilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy10.3390/ma142164821996-1944https://doaj.org/article/b99f26887b3241febb660c3077237c672021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6482https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Climate change and the potential depletion of fossil fuels have increased international demand for alternative and renewable energy sources. In terms of the energy sector, for example, most of the South-East Asian countries (SACs) have a large number of biomass sources due to their vast forest resources and agriculture-based economies. Thus, the critical review was aimed at highlighting the overview of biomass energy in South-East Asia as a dynamically developing region, in order to obtain economic and environmental benefits from the existing sources of biomass in the world. The current review analyzed the sources of biomass, as well as their energy potential, use, and management, based on reports from different countries, published studies, and scientific articles. In SAC, the main sources of biomass were found to be coconut residues, oil palm residues, sugar cane residues, rice straw, rice husks, wood waste, and firewood. The combined annual biomass potentials in the forestry and agricultural sectors in South-East Asia were approximately over 500 million tons per year and more than 8 gigajoule of total energy potentials. The study identified the challenges and barriers to using biomass in these countries to achieve sustainable use of biomass sources and recommended sustainable approaches to using biomass energy by comparing traditional uses of biomass. Smart grid technologies have ways for solutions for better electric power production and efficient ways for distribution and transmission of electricity. Smart grids require less space and can be more easily installed when compared to traditional grids because of their versatilities. Upcoming challenges include technology optimization for the following uses of biomass energy: direct combustion of woody biomass; pyrolysis and gasification of biomass; anaerobic digestion of organic waste to produce biogas; landfill gas production direct incineration of organic waste. The barriers in this technology are emissions of carbon and nitrogen oxides, unpleasant odors, as well as the uncontrolled harvesting of biomass, which can harm nature.Natt MakulRoman FediukMugahed AmranMohammed S. Al-AkwaaKarol PralatDarya NemovaKirill PetropavlovskiiTatiana NovichenkovaVictoria PetropavlovskayaMikhail SulmanMDPI AGarticlebiomassrecyclingenergyfuelenergy modelTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6482, p 6482 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biomass recycling energy fuel energy model Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	biomass recycling energy fuel energy model Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Natt Makul Roman Fediuk Mugahed Amran Mohammed S. Al-Akwaa Karol Pralat Darya Nemova Kirill Petropavlovskii Tatiana Novichenkova Victoria Petropavlovskaya Mikhail Sulman Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy
description	Climate change and the potential depletion of fossil fuels have increased international demand for alternative and renewable energy sources. In terms of the energy sector, for example, most of the South-East Asian countries (SACs) have a large number of biomass sources due to their vast forest resources and agriculture-based economies. Thus, the critical review was aimed at highlighting the overview of biomass energy in South-East Asia as a dynamically developing region, in order to obtain economic and environmental benefits from the existing sources of biomass in the world. The current review analyzed the sources of biomass, as well as their energy potential, use, and management, based on reports from different countries, published studies, and scientific articles. In SAC, the main sources of biomass were found to be coconut residues, oil palm residues, sugar cane residues, rice straw, rice husks, wood waste, and firewood. The combined annual biomass potentials in the forestry and agricultural sectors in South-East Asia were approximately over 500 million tons per year and more than 8 gigajoule of total energy potentials. The study identified the challenges and barriers to using biomass in these countries to achieve sustainable use of biomass sources and recommended sustainable approaches to using biomass energy by comparing traditional uses of biomass. Smart grid technologies have ways for solutions for better electric power production and efficient ways for distribution and transmission of electricity. Smart grids require less space and can be more easily installed when compared to traditional grids because of their versatilities. Upcoming challenges include technology optimization for the following uses of biomass energy: direct combustion of woody biomass; pyrolysis and gasification of biomass; anaerobic digestion of organic waste to produce biogas; landfill gas production direct incineration of organic waste. The barriers in this technology are emissions of carbon and nitrogen oxides, unpleasant odors, as well as the uncontrolled harvesting of biomass, which can harm nature.
format	article
author	Natt Makul Roman Fediuk Mugahed Amran Mohammed S. Al-Akwaa Karol Pralat Darya Nemova Kirill Petropavlovskii Tatiana Novichenkova Victoria Petropavlovskaya Mikhail Sulman
author_facet	Natt Makul Roman Fediuk Mugahed Amran Mohammed S. Al-Akwaa Karol Pralat Darya Nemova Kirill Petropavlovskii Tatiana Novichenkova Victoria Petropavlovskaya Mikhail Sulman
author_sort	Natt Makul
title	Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy
title_short	Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy
title_full	Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy
title_fullStr	Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy
title_full_unstemmed	Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy
title_sort	utilization of biomass to ash: an overview of the potential resources for alternative energy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b99f26887b3241febb660c3077237c67
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Utilization of Biomass to Ash: An Overview of the Potential Resources for Alternative Energy

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