Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures by governments have upended the economic and social lives of many, leading to widespread psychological distress. We explore heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress during the pandemic in the United Kingdom and relate this het...

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Autores principales:	Lea Ellwardt, Patrick Präg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b99f273df0d342d689307dadd32a96b9
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b99f273df0d342d689307dadd32a96b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b99f273df0d342d689307dadd32a96b92021-12-02T16:35:19ZHeterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom10.1038/s41598-021-95490-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b99f273df0d342d689307dadd32a96b92021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95490-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures by governments have upended the economic and social lives of many, leading to widespread psychological distress. We explore heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress during the pandemic in the United Kingdom and relate this heterogeneity to socio-demographic and health factors. We analyze nine waves of longitudinal, nationally representative survey data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ( $$N=15{,}914$$ N = 15 , 914 ), covering the period from early 2020 to mid-2021. First, latent class mixture modelling is used to identify trajectories of psychological distress. Second, associations of the trajectories with covariates are tested with multinomial logistic regressions. We find four different trajectories of distress: continuously low, temporarily elevated, repeatedly elevated, and continuously elevated distress. Nearly two fifths of the population experienced severely elevated risks of distress during the pandemic. Long-term distress was highest among younger people, women, people living without a partner, those who had no work or lost income, and those with previous health conditions or COVID-19 symptoms. Given the threat of persistent stress on health, policy measures should be sensitized to the unintended yet far-reaching consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions.Lea EllwardtPatrick PrägNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lea Ellwardt Patrick Präg Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
description	Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures by governments have upended the economic and social lives of many, leading to widespread psychological distress. We explore heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress during the pandemic in the United Kingdom and relate this heterogeneity to socio-demographic and health factors. We analyze nine waves of longitudinal, nationally representative survey data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ( $$N=15{,}914$$ N = 15 , 914 ), covering the period from early 2020 to mid-2021. First, latent class mixture modelling is used to identify trajectories of psychological distress. Second, associations of the trajectories with covariates are tested with multinomial logistic regressions. We find four different trajectories of distress: continuously low, temporarily elevated, repeatedly elevated, and continuously elevated distress. Nearly two fifths of the population experienced severely elevated risks of distress during the pandemic. Long-term distress was highest among younger people, women, people living without a partner, those who had no work or lost income, and those with previous health conditions or COVID-19 symptoms. Given the threat of persistent stress on health, policy measures should be sensitized to the unintended yet far-reaching consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
format	article
author	Lea Ellwardt Patrick Präg
author_facet	Lea Ellwardt Patrick Präg
author_sort	Lea Ellwardt
title	Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_short	Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_full	Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_fullStr	Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_full_unstemmed	Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_sort	heterogeneous mental health development during the covid-19 pandemic in the united kingdom
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b99f273df0d342d689307dadd32a96b9
work_keys_str_mv	AT leaellwardt heterogeneousmentalhealthdevelopmentduringthecovid19pandemicintheunitedkingdom AT patrickprag heterogeneousmentalhealthdevelopmentduringthecovid19pandemicintheunitedkingdom
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Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

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