Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations

Due to the rapid decrease of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction,...

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Autores principales:	Athanasios Lattos, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Ioannis Georgoulis, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Dimitrios Karagiannis, John A. Theodorou, Alexandra Staikou, Basile Michaelidis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Pinna nobilis</i> mortality pathogens <i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i> <i>Mycobacterium</i> sp. <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9a5f3b9f25249c98e2aac857d57f3bd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9a5f3b9f25249c98e2aac857d57f3bd2021-11-25T17:07:47ZPathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations10.3390/cells101128382073-4409https://doaj.org/article/b9a5f3b9f25249c98e2aac857d57f3bd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2838https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Due to the rapid decrease of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While <i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i> is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to <i>Mycobacterium</i> sp. and <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected <i>P. nobilis</i> specimens against various pathogens, this study’s aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of <i>P. nobilis</i> individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of <i>P. nobilis</i> mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with <i>H. pinnae</i> in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future.Athanasios LattosKonstantinos FeidantsisIoannis GeorgoulisIoannis A. GiantsisDimitrios KaragiannisJohn A. TheodorouAlexandra StaikouBasile MichaelidisMDPI AGarticle<i>Pinna nobilis</i>mortalitypathogens<i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i><i>Mycobacterium</i> sp.<i>Vibrio</i> spp.Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2838, p 2838 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Pinna nobilis</i> mortality pathogens <i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i> <i>Mycobacterium</i> sp. <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Pinna nobilis</i> mortality pathogens <i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i> <i>Mycobacterium</i> sp. <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Athanasios Lattos Konstantinos Feidantsis Ioannis Georgoulis Ioannis A. Giantsis Dimitrios Karagiannis John A. Theodorou Alexandra Staikou Basile Michaelidis Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
description	Due to the rapid decrease of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While <i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i> is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to <i>Mycobacterium</i> sp. and <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected <i>P. nobilis</i> specimens against various pathogens, this study’s aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of <i>P. nobilis</i> individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of <i>P. nobilis</i> mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with <i>H. pinnae</i> in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future.
format	article
author	Athanasios Lattos Konstantinos Feidantsis Ioannis Georgoulis Ioannis A. Giantsis Dimitrios Karagiannis John A. Theodorou Alexandra Staikou Basile Michaelidis
author_facet	Athanasios Lattos Konstantinos Feidantsis Ioannis Georgoulis Ioannis A. Giantsis Dimitrios Karagiannis John A. Theodorou Alexandra Staikou Basile Michaelidis
author_sort	Athanasios Lattos
title	Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_short	Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_full	Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_fullStr	Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_full_unstemmed	Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_sort	pathophysiological responses of <i>pinna nobilis</i> individuals enlightens the etiology of mass mortality situation in the mediterranean populations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9a5f3b9f25249c98e2aac857d57f3bd
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Pathophysiological Responses of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations

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