Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania.
<h4>Background</h4>Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and control activities.<h4...
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oai:doaj.org-article:b9a7513ed12d438698ad4153b872908c2021-12-02T20:23:36ZLatent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009630https://doaj.org/article/b9a7513ed12d438698ad4153b872908c2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009630https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and control activities.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Bayesian latent class analysis was used to evaluate performance of the Rose Bengal plate test (RBT) and a competitive ELISA (cELISA) in detecting Brucella spp. exposure at the individual animal-level for cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. Median posterior estimates of RBT sensitivity were: 0.779 (95% Bayesian credibility interval (BCI): 0.570-0.894), 0.893 (0.636-0.989), and 0.807 (0.575-0.966), and for cELISA were: 0.623 (0.443-0.790), 0.409 (0.241-0.644), and 0.561 (0.376-0.713), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Sensitivity BCIs were wide, with the widest for cELISA in sheep. RBT and cELISA median posterior estimates of specificity were high across species models: RBT ranged between 0.989 (0.980-0.998) and 0.995 (0.985-0.999), and cELISA between 0.984 (0.974-0.995) and 0.996 (0.988-1). Each species model generated seroprevalence estimates for two livestock subpopulations, pastoralist and non-pastoralist. Pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were: 0.063 (0.045-0.090), 0.033 (0.018-0.049), and 0.051 (0.034-0.076), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Non-pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were below 0.01 for all species models. Series and parallel diagnostic approaches were evaluated. Parallel outperformed a series approach. Median posterior estimates for parallel testing were ≥0.920 (0.760-0.986) for sensitivity and ≥0.973 (0.955-0.992) for specificity, for all species models.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings indicate that Brucella spp. surveillance in Tanzania using RBT and cELISA in parallel at the animal-level would give high test performance. There is a need to evaluate strategies for implementing parallel testing at the herd- and flock-level. Our findings can assist in generating robust Brucella spp. exposure estimates for livestock in Tanzania and wider sub-Saharan Africa. The adoption of locally evaluated robust diagnostic tests in setting-specific surveillance is an important step towards brucellosis prevention and control.Rebecca F BodenhamStella MazeriSarah CleavelandJohn A CrumpFolorunso O FasinaWilliam A de GlanvilleDaniel T HaydonRudovick R KazwalaTito J KibonaVenance P MaroMichael J MazeBlandina T MmbagaNiwael J Mtui-MalamshaGabriel M ShirimaEmanuel S SwaiKate M ThomasBarend M deC BronsvoortJo E B HallidayPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009630 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Rebecca F Bodenham Stella Mazeri Sarah Cleaveland John A Crump Folorunso O Fasina William A de Glanville Daniel T Haydon Rudovick R Kazwala Tito J Kibona Venance P Maro Michael J Maze Blandina T Mmbaga Niwael J Mtui-Malamsha Gabriel M Shirima Emanuel S Swai Kate M Thomas Barend M deC Bronsvoort Jo E B Halliday Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and control activities.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Bayesian latent class analysis was used to evaluate performance of the Rose Bengal plate test (RBT) and a competitive ELISA (cELISA) in detecting Brucella spp. exposure at the individual animal-level for cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. Median posterior estimates of RBT sensitivity were: 0.779 (95% Bayesian credibility interval (BCI): 0.570-0.894), 0.893 (0.636-0.989), and 0.807 (0.575-0.966), and for cELISA were: 0.623 (0.443-0.790), 0.409 (0.241-0.644), and 0.561 (0.376-0.713), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Sensitivity BCIs were wide, with the widest for cELISA in sheep. RBT and cELISA median posterior estimates of specificity were high across species models: RBT ranged between 0.989 (0.980-0.998) and 0.995 (0.985-0.999), and cELISA between 0.984 (0.974-0.995) and 0.996 (0.988-1). Each species model generated seroprevalence estimates for two livestock subpopulations, pastoralist and non-pastoralist. Pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were: 0.063 (0.045-0.090), 0.033 (0.018-0.049), and 0.051 (0.034-0.076), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Non-pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were below 0.01 for all species models. Series and parallel diagnostic approaches were evaluated. Parallel outperformed a series approach. Median posterior estimates for parallel testing were ≥0.920 (0.760-0.986) for sensitivity and ≥0.973 (0.955-0.992) for specificity, for all species models.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings indicate that Brucella spp. surveillance in Tanzania using RBT and cELISA in parallel at the animal-level would give high test performance. There is a need to evaluate strategies for implementing parallel testing at the herd- and flock-level. Our findings can assist in generating robust Brucella spp. exposure estimates for livestock in Tanzania and wider sub-Saharan Africa. The adoption of locally evaluated robust diagnostic tests in setting-specific surveillance is an important step towards brucellosis prevention and control. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Rebecca F Bodenham Stella Mazeri Sarah Cleaveland John A Crump Folorunso O Fasina William A de Glanville Daniel T Haydon Rudovick R Kazwala Tito J Kibona Venance P Maro Michael J Maze Blandina T Mmbaga Niwael J Mtui-Malamsha Gabriel M Shirima Emanuel S Swai Kate M Thomas Barend M deC Bronsvoort Jo E B Halliday |
| author_facet |
Rebecca F Bodenham Stella Mazeri Sarah Cleaveland John A Crump Folorunso O Fasina William A de Glanville Daniel T Haydon Rudovick R Kazwala Tito J Kibona Venance P Maro Michael J Maze Blandina T Mmbaga Niwael J Mtui-Malamsha Gabriel M Shirima Emanuel S Swai Kate M Thomas Barend M deC Bronsvoort Jo E B Halliday |
| author_sort |
Rebecca F Bodenham |
| title |
Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. |
| title_short |
Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. |
| title_full |
Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. |
| title_fullStr |
Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. |
| title_sort |
latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in tanzania. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/b9a7513ed12d438698ad4153b872908c |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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