Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.

<h4>Background</h4>Evolutionary theories that account for the unusual socio-ecological traits and life history features of group-living prosimians, compared with other primates, predict behavioral and physiological mechanisms to conserve energy. Low energy output and possible fattening m...

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Autores principales:	Bruno Simmen, Françoise Bayart, Hanta Rasamimanana, Alexandre Zahariev, Stéphane Blanc, Patrick Pasquet
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9ae0404d31246fe99c0065993e4ccd3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9ae0404d31246fe99c0065993e4ccd32021-11-25T06:25:06ZTotal energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0009860https://doaj.org/article/b9ae0404d31246fe99c0065993e4ccd32010-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20360848/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Evolutionary theories that account for the unusual socio-ecological traits and life history features of group-living prosimians, compared with other primates, predict behavioral and physiological mechanisms to conserve energy. Low energy output and possible fattening mechanisms are expected, as either an adaptive response to drastic seasonal fluctuations of food supplies in Madagascar, or persisting traits from previously nocturnal hypometabolic ancestors. Free ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and brown lemurs (Eulemur sp.) of southern Madagascar have different socio-ecological characteristics which allow a test of these theories: Both gregarious primates have a phytophagous diet but different circadian activity rhythms, degree of arboreality, social systems, and slightly different body size.<h4>Methodology and results</h4>Daily total energy expenditure and body composition were measured in the field with the doubly labeled water procedure. High body fat content was observed at the end of the rainy season, which supports the notion that individuals need to attain a sufficient physical condition prior to the long dry season. However, ring-tailed lemurs exhibited lower water flux rates and energy expenditure than brown lemurs after controlling for body mass differences. The difference was interpreted to reflect higher efficiency for coping with seasonally low quality foods and water scarcity. Daily energy expenditure of both species was much less than the field metabolic rates predicted by various scaling relationships found across mammals.<h4>Discussion</h4>We argue that low energy output in these species is mainly accounted for by low basal metabolic rate and reflects adaptation to harsh, unpredictable environments. The absence of observed sex differences in body weight, fat content, and daily energy expenditure converge with earlier investigations of physical activity levels in ring-tailed lemurs to suggest the absence of a relationship between energy constraints and the evolution of female dominance over males among lemurs. Nevertheless, additional seasonal data are required to provide a definitive conclusion.Bruno SimmenFrançoise BayartHanta RasamimananaAlexandre ZaharievStéphane BlancPatrick PasquetPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 3, p e9860 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bruno Simmen Françoise Bayart Hanta Rasamimanana Alexandre Zahariev Stéphane Blanc Patrick Pasquet Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Evolutionary theories that account for the unusual socio-ecological traits and life history features of group-living prosimians, compared with other primates, predict behavioral and physiological mechanisms to conserve energy. Low energy output and possible fattening mechanisms are expected, as either an adaptive response to drastic seasonal fluctuations of food supplies in Madagascar, or persisting traits from previously nocturnal hypometabolic ancestors. Free ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and brown lemurs (Eulemur sp.) of southern Madagascar have different socio-ecological characteristics which allow a test of these theories: Both gregarious primates have a phytophagous diet but different circadian activity rhythms, degree of arboreality, social systems, and slightly different body size.<h4>Methodology and results</h4>Daily total energy expenditure and body composition were measured in the field with the doubly labeled water procedure. High body fat content was observed at the end of the rainy season, which supports the notion that individuals need to attain a sufficient physical condition prior to the long dry season. However, ring-tailed lemurs exhibited lower water flux rates and energy expenditure than brown lemurs after controlling for body mass differences. The difference was interpreted to reflect higher efficiency for coping with seasonally low quality foods and water scarcity. Daily energy expenditure of both species was much less than the field metabolic rates predicted by various scaling relationships found across mammals.<h4>Discussion</h4>We argue that low energy output in these species is mainly accounted for by low basal metabolic rate and reflects adaptation to harsh, unpredictable environments. The absence of observed sex differences in body weight, fat content, and daily energy expenditure converge with earlier investigations of physical activity levels in ring-tailed lemurs to suggest the absence of a relationship between energy constraints and the evolution of female dominance over males among lemurs. Nevertheless, additional seasonal data are required to provide a definitive conclusion.
format	article
author	Bruno Simmen Françoise Bayart Hanta Rasamimanana Alexandre Zahariev Stéphane Blanc Patrick Pasquet
author_facet	Bruno Simmen Françoise Bayart Hanta Rasamimanana Alexandre Zahariev Stéphane Blanc Patrick Pasquet
author_sort	Bruno Simmen
title	Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
title_short	Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
title_full	Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
title_fullStr	Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
title_full_unstemmed	Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
title_sort	total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9ae0404d31246fe99c0065993e4ccd3
work_keys_str_mv	AT brunosimmen totalenergyexpenditureandbodycompositionintwofreelivingsympatriclemurs AT francoisebayart totalenergyexpenditureandbodycompositionintwofreelivingsympatriclemurs AT hantarasamimanana totalenergyexpenditureandbodycompositionintwofreelivingsympatriclemurs AT alexandrezahariev totalenergyexpenditureandbodycompositionintwofreelivingsympatriclemurs AT stephaneblanc totalenergyexpenditureandbodycompositionintwofreelivingsympatriclemurs AT patrickpasquet totalenergyexpenditureandbodycompositionintwofreelivingsympatriclemurs
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Total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs.

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