Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles

Stefano Perni,1,2 Victorien Thenault,1 Pauline Abdo,1 Katrin Margulis,3 Shlomo Magdassi,3 Polina Prokopovich1,2 1School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 2Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3Casali Ins...

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Autores principales:	Perni S, Thenault V, Abdo P, Margulis K, Magdassi S, Prokopovich P
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9c5a90fef49423897daf2c20096a814
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9c5a90fef49423897daf2c20096a8142021-12-02T05:40:44ZAntimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/b9c5a90fef49423897daf2c20096a8142015-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/antimicrobial-activity-of-bone-cements-embedded-with-organic-nanoparti-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Stefano Perni,1,2 Victorien Thenault,1 Pauline Abdo,1 Katrin Margulis,3 Shlomo Magdassi,3 Polina Prokopovich1,2 1School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 2Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3Casali Institute, Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelAbstract: Infections after orthopedic surgery are a very unwelcome outcome; despite the widespread use of antibiotics, their incidence can be as high as 10%. This risk is likely to increase as antibiotics are gradually losing efficacy as a result of bacterial resistance; therefore, novel antimicrobial approaches are required. Parabens are a class of compounds whose antimicrobial activity is employed in many cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. We developed propylparaben nanoparticles that are hydrophilic, thus expanding the applicability of parabens to aqueous systems. In this paper we assess the possibility of employing paraben nanoparticles as antimicrobial compound in bone cements. The nanoparticles were embedded in various types of bone cement (poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], hydroxyapatite, and brushite) and the antimicrobial activity was determined against common causes of postorthopedic surgery infections such as: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Nanoparticles at concentrations as low as 1% w/w in brushite bone cement were capable of preventing pathogens growth, 5% w/w was needed for hydroxyapatite bone cement, while 7% w/w was required for PMMA bone cement. No detrimental effect was determined by the addition of paraben nanoparticles on bone cement compression strength and cytocompatibility. Our results demonstrate that paraben nanoparticles can be encapsulated in bone cement, providing concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity; furthermore, lower concentrations are needed in calcium phosphate (brushite and hydroxyapatite) than in acrylic (PMMA) bone cements. These nanoparticles are effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria, including those already resistant to the antibiotics routinely employed in orthopedic applications, such as gentamicin.Keywords: paraben, antimicrobial, bone cement, PMMA, brushite, hydroxyapatitePerni SThenault VAbdo PMargulis KMagdassi SProkopovich PDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 6317-6329 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Perni S Thenault V Abdo P Margulis K Magdassi S Prokopovich P Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
description	Stefano Perni,1,2 Victorien Thenault,1 Pauline Abdo,1 Katrin Margulis,3 Shlomo Magdassi,3 Polina Prokopovich1,2 1School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 2Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3Casali Institute, Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelAbstract: Infections after orthopedic surgery are a very unwelcome outcome; despite the widespread use of antibiotics, their incidence can be as high as 10%. This risk is likely to increase as antibiotics are gradually losing efficacy as a result of bacterial resistance; therefore, novel antimicrobial approaches are required. Parabens are a class of compounds whose antimicrobial activity is employed in many cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. We developed propylparaben nanoparticles that are hydrophilic, thus expanding the applicability of parabens to aqueous systems. In this paper we assess the possibility of employing paraben nanoparticles as antimicrobial compound in bone cements. The nanoparticles were embedded in various types of bone cement (poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], hydroxyapatite, and brushite) and the antimicrobial activity was determined against common causes of postorthopedic surgery infections such as: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Nanoparticles at concentrations as low as 1% w/w in brushite bone cement were capable of preventing pathogens growth, 5% w/w was needed for hydroxyapatite bone cement, while 7% w/w was required for PMMA bone cement. No detrimental effect was determined by the addition of paraben nanoparticles on bone cement compression strength and cytocompatibility. Our results demonstrate that paraben nanoparticles can be encapsulated in bone cement, providing concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity; furthermore, lower concentrations are needed in calcium phosphate (brushite and hydroxyapatite) than in acrylic (PMMA) bone cements. These nanoparticles are effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria, including those already resistant to the antibiotics routinely employed in orthopedic applications, such as gentamicin.Keywords: paraben, antimicrobial, bone cement, PMMA, brushite, hydroxyapatite
format	article
author	Perni S Thenault V Abdo P Margulis K Magdassi S Prokopovich P
author_facet	Perni S Thenault V Abdo P Margulis K Magdassi S Prokopovich P
author_sort	Perni S
title	Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
title_short	Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
title_full	Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
title_fullStr	Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
title_sort	antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9c5a90fef49423897daf2c20096a814
work_keys_str_mv	AT pernis antimicrobialactivityofbonecementsembeddedwithorganicnanoparticles AT thenaultv antimicrobialactivityofbonecementsembeddedwithorganicnanoparticles AT abdop antimicrobialactivityofbonecementsembeddedwithorganicnanoparticles AT margulisk antimicrobialactivityofbonecementsembeddedwithorganicnanoparticles AT magdassis antimicrobialactivityofbonecementsembeddedwithorganicnanoparticles AT prokopovichp antimicrobialactivityofbonecementsembeddedwithorganicnanoparticles
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Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles

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