Gait change in tongue movement

Abstract During locomotion, humans switch gaits from walking to running, and horses from walking to trotting to cantering to galloping, as they increase their movement rate. It is unknown whether gait change leading to a wider movement rate range is limited to locomotive-type behaviours, or instead...

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Autores principales:	Donald Derrick, Bryan Gick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9ccdb0c069c49649f0d34e2f0fb6943
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b9ccdb0c069c49649f0d34e2f0fb6943
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9ccdb0c069c49649f0d34e2f0fb69432021-12-02T18:51:42ZGait change in tongue movement10.1038/s41598-021-96139-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b9ccdb0c069c49649f0d34e2f0fb69432021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96139-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract During locomotion, humans switch gaits from walking to running, and horses from walking to trotting to cantering to galloping, as they increase their movement rate. It is unknown whether gait change leading to a wider movement rate range is limited to locomotive-type behaviours, or instead is a general property of any rate-varying motor system. The tongue during speech provides a motor system that can address this gap. In controlled speech experiments, using phrases containing complex tongue-movement sequences, we demonstrate distinct gaits in tongue movement at different speech rates. As speakers widen their tongue-front displacement range, they gain access to wider speech-rate ranges. At the widest displacement ranges, speakers also produce categorically different patterns for their slowest and fastest speech. Speakers with the narrowest tongue-front displacement ranges show one stable speech-gait pattern, and speakers with widest ranges show two. Critical fluctuation analysis of tongue motion over the time-course of speech revealed these speakers used greater effort at the beginning of phrases—such end-state-comfort effects indicate speech planning. Based on these findings, we expect that categorical motion solutions may emerge in any motor system, providing that system with access to wider movement-rate ranges.Donald DerrickBryan GickNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Donald Derrick Bryan Gick Gait change in tongue movement
description	Abstract During locomotion, humans switch gaits from walking to running, and horses from walking to trotting to cantering to galloping, as they increase their movement rate. It is unknown whether gait change leading to a wider movement rate range is limited to locomotive-type behaviours, or instead is a general property of any rate-varying motor system. The tongue during speech provides a motor system that can address this gap. In controlled speech experiments, using phrases containing complex tongue-movement sequences, we demonstrate distinct gaits in tongue movement at different speech rates. As speakers widen their tongue-front displacement range, they gain access to wider speech-rate ranges. At the widest displacement ranges, speakers also produce categorically different patterns for their slowest and fastest speech. Speakers with the narrowest tongue-front displacement ranges show one stable speech-gait pattern, and speakers with widest ranges show two. Critical fluctuation analysis of tongue motion over the time-course of speech revealed these speakers used greater effort at the beginning of phrases—such end-state-comfort effects indicate speech planning. Based on these findings, we expect that categorical motion solutions may emerge in any motor system, providing that system with access to wider movement-rate ranges.
format	article
author	Donald Derrick Bryan Gick
author_facet	Donald Derrick Bryan Gick
author_sort	Donald Derrick
title	Gait change in tongue movement
title_short	Gait change in tongue movement
title_full	Gait change in tongue movement
title_fullStr	Gait change in tongue movement
title_full_unstemmed	Gait change in tongue movement
title_sort	gait change in tongue movement
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9ccdb0c069c49649f0d34e2f0fb6943
work_keys_str_mv	AT donaldderrick gaitchangeintonguemovement AT bryangick gaitchangeintonguemovement
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Gait change in tongue movement

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