Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachmen...

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Autores principales:	Marta Tironi, Simone Charpentier Mora, Donatella Cavanna, Jessica L. Borelli, Fabiola Bizzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	attachment psychopathology emotion dysregulation physiological parameters skin conductance level cardiac slowing Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9f45d179a0f4676b84798ad947df8c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9f45d179a0f4676b84798ad947df8c72021-11-25T16:58:08ZPhysiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review10.3390/brainsci111114772076-3425https://doaj.org/article/b9f45d179a0f4676b84798ad947df8c72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1477https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.Marta TironiSimone Charpentier MoraDonatella CavannaJessica L. BorelliFabiola BizziMDPI AGarticleattachmentpsychopathologyemotion dysregulationphysiological parametersskin conductance levelcardiac slowingNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1477, p 1477 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	attachment psychopathology emotion dysregulation physiological parameters skin conductance level cardiac slowing Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	attachment psychopathology emotion dysregulation physiological parameters skin conductance level cardiac slowing Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Marta Tironi Simone Charpentier Mora Donatella Cavanna Jessica L. Borelli Fabiola Bizzi Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
description	Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.
format	article
author	Marta Tironi Simone Charpentier Mora Donatella Cavanna Jessica L. Borelli Fabiola Bizzi
author_facet	Marta Tironi Simone Charpentier Mora Donatella Cavanna Jessica L. Borelli Fabiola Bizzi
author_sort	Marta Tironi
title	Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
title_short	Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
title_full	Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr	Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed	Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
title_sort	physiological factors linking insecure attachment to psychopathology: a systematic review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9f45d179a0f4676b84798ad947df8c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT martatironi physiologicalfactorslinkinginsecureattachmenttopsychopathologyasystematicreview AT simonecharpentiermora physiologicalfactorslinkinginsecureattachmenttopsychopathologyasystematicreview AT donatellacavanna physiologicalfactorslinkinginsecureattachmenttopsychopathologyasystematicreview AT jessicalborelli physiologicalfactorslinkinginsecureattachmenttopsychopathologyasystematicreview AT fabiolabizzi physiologicalfactorslinkinginsecureattachmenttopsychopathologyasystematicreview
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Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

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