Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates

Abstract This paper proposes the use of astrocytes to realize Boolean logic gates, through manipulation of the threshold of $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + ion flows between the cells based on the input signals. Through wet-lab experiments that engineer the astrocytes cells with pcDNA3.1-hGPR17 genes as...

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Autores principales:	Michael Taynnan Barros, Phuong Doan, Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu, Brendan Jennings, Sasitharan Balasubramaniam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b9fda029ec8a48e28722c14676189494
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b9fda029ec8a48e28722c146761894942021-12-02T14:01:23ZEngineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates10.1038/s41598-020-79891-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b9fda029ec8a48e28722c146761894942021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79891-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This paper proposes the use of astrocytes to realize Boolean logic gates, through manipulation of the threshold of $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + ion flows between the cells based on the input signals. Through wet-lab experiments that engineer the astrocytes cells with pcDNA3.1-hGPR17 genes as well as chemical compounds, we show that both AND and OR gates can be implemented by controlling $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + signals that flow through the population. A reinforced learning platform is also presented in the paper to optimize the $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + activated level and time slot of input signals $$T_b$$ T b into the gate. This design platform caters for any size and connectivity of the cell population, by taking into consideration the delay and noise produced from the signalling between the cells. To validate the effectiveness of the reinforced learning platform, a $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + signalling simulator was used to simulate the signalling between the astrocyte cells. The results from the simulation show that an optimum value for both the $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + activated level and time slot of input signals $$T_b$$ T b is required to achieve up to 90% accuracy for both the AND and OR gates. Our method can be used as the basis for future Neural–Molecular Computing chips, constructed from engineered astrocyte cells, which can form the basis for a new generation of brain implants.Michael Taynnan BarrosPhuong DoanMeenakshisundaram KandhaveluBrendan JenningsSasitharan BalasubramaniamNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael Taynnan Barros Phuong Doan Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu Brendan Jennings Sasitharan Balasubramaniam Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
description	Abstract This paper proposes the use of astrocytes to realize Boolean logic gates, through manipulation of the threshold of $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + ion flows between the cells based on the input signals. Through wet-lab experiments that engineer the astrocytes cells with pcDNA3.1-hGPR17 genes as well as chemical compounds, we show that both AND and OR gates can be implemented by controlling $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + signals that flow through the population. A reinforced learning platform is also presented in the paper to optimize the $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + activated level and time slot of input signals $$T_b$$ T b into the gate. This design platform caters for any size and connectivity of the cell population, by taking into consideration the delay and noise produced from the signalling between the cells. To validate the effectiveness of the reinforced learning platform, a $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + signalling simulator was used to simulate the signalling between the astrocyte cells. The results from the simulation show that an optimum value for both the $$\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$$ Ca 2 + activated level and time slot of input signals $$T_b$$ T b is required to achieve up to 90% accuracy for both the AND and OR gates. Our method can be used as the basis for future Neural–Molecular Computing chips, constructed from engineered astrocyte cells, which can form the basis for a new generation of brain implants.
format	article
author	Michael Taynnan Barros Phuong Doan Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu Brendan Jennings Sasitharan Balasubramaniam
author_facet	Michael Taynnan Barros Phuong Doan Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu Brendan Jennings Sasitharan Balasubramaniam
author_sort	Michael Taynnan Barros
title	Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
title_short	Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
title_full	Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
title_fullStr	Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
title_full_unstemmed	Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
title_sort	engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b9fda029ec8a48e28722c14676189494
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaeltaynnanbarros engineeringcalciumsignalingofastrocytesforneuralmolecularcomputinglogicgates AT phuongdoan engineeringcalciumsignalingofastrocytesforneuralmolecularcomputinglogicgates AT meenakshisundaramkandhavelu engineeringcalciumsignalingofastrocytesforneuralmolecularcomputinglogicgates AT brendanjennings engineeringcalciumsignalingofastrocytesforneuralmolecularcomputinglogicgates AT sasitharanbalasubramaniam engineeringcalciumsignalingofastrocytesforneuralmolecularcomputinglogicgates
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Engineering calcium signaling of astrocytes for neural–molecular computing logic gates

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