Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi

ABSTRACT Filamentous and dimorphic fungi cause invasive mycoses associated with high mortality rates. Among the fungal determinants involved in the establishment of infection, glycosphingolipids (GSLs) have gained increased interest in the last few decades. GSLs are ubiquitous membrane components th...

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Autores principales:	Caroline Mota Fernandes, Gustavo H. Goldman, Maurizio Del Poeta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	ceramide glucosylceramide inositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids dimorphic fungi fatty acids Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba141638ee96401288ee38880c3a986d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba141638ee96401288ee38880c3a986d2021-11-15T16:00:27ZBiological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi10.1128/mBio.00642-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/ba141638ee96401288ee38880c3a986d2018-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00642-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Filamentous and dimorphic fungi cause invasive mycoses associated with high mortality rates. Among the fungal determinants involved in the establishment of infection, glycosphingolipids (GSLs) have gained increased interest in the last few decades. GSLs are ubiquitous membrane components that have been isolated from both filamentous and dimorphic species and play a crucial role in polarized growth as well as hypha-to-yeast transition. In fungi, two major classes of GSLs are found: neutral and acidic GSLs. Neutral GSLs comprise glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide, which utilize Δ4-Δ8-9-methyl-sphingadienine as a sphingoid base, linked to a C16–18 fatty acid chain, forming ceramide, and to a sugar residue, such as glucose or galactose. In contrast, acidic GSLs include glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs), composed of phytosphingosine attached to a long or very long fatty acid chain (C18–26) and to diverse and complex glycan groups via an inositol-phosphate linker. GIPCs are absent in mammalian cells, while fungal glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide are present but diverge structurally from their counterparts. Therefore, these compounds and their biosynthetic pathways represent potential targets for the development of selective therapeutic strategies. In this minireview, we discuss the enzymatic steps involved in the production of fungal GSLs, analyze their structure, and address the role of the currently characterized genes in the biology and pathogenesis of filamentous and dimorphic fungi.Caroline Mota FernandesGustavo H. GoldmanMaurizio Del PoetaAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleceramideglucosylceramideinositol phosphorylceramidesphingolipidsdimorphic fungifatty acidsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 3 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ceramide glucosylceramide inositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids dimorphic fungi fatty acids Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	ceramide glucosylceramide inositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids dimorphic fungi fatty acids Microbiology QR1-502 Caroline Mota Fernandes Gustavo H. Goldman Maurizio Del Poeta Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi
description	ABSTRACT Filamentous and dimorphic fungi cause invasive mycoses associated with high mortality rates. Among the fungal determinants involved in the establishment of infection, glycosphingolipids (GSLs) have gained increased interest in the last few decades. GSLs are ubiquitous membrane components that have been isolated from both filamentous and dimorphic species and play a crucial role in polarized growth as well as hypha-to-yeast transition. In fungi, two major classes of GSLs are found: neutral and acidic GSLs. Neutral GSLs comprise glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide, which utilize Δ4-Δ8-9-methyl-sphingadienine as a sphingoid base, linked to a C16–18 fatty acid chain, forming ceramide, and to a sugar residue, such as glucose or galactose. In contrast, acidic GSLs include glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs), composed of phytosphingosine attached to a long or very long fatty acid chain (C18–26) and to diverse and complex glycan groups via an inositol-phosphate linker. GIPCs are absent in mammalian cells, while fungal glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide are present but diverge structurally from their counterparts. Therefore, these compounds and their biosynthetic pathways represent potential targets for the development of selective therapeutic strategies. In this minireview, we discuss the enzymatic steps involved in the production of fungal GSLs, analyze their structure, and address the role of the currently characterized genes in the biology and pathogenesis of filamentous and dimorphic fungi.
format	article
author	Caroline Mota Fernandes Gustavo H. Goldman Maurizio Del Poeta
author_facet	Caroline Mota Fernandes Gustavo H. Goldman Maurizio Del Poeta
author_sort	Caroline Mota Fernandes
title	Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi
title_short	Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi
title_full	Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi
title_fullStr	Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi
title_full_unstemmed	Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi
title_sort	biological roles played by sphingolipids in dimorphic and filamentous fungi
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba141638ee96401288ee38880c3a986d
work_keys_str_mv	AT carolinemotafernandes biologicalrolesplayedbysphingolipidsindimorphicandfilamentousfungi AT gustavohgoldman biologicalrolesplayedbysphingolipidsindimorphicandfilamentousfungi AT mauriziodelpoeta biologicalrolesplayedbysphingolipidsindimorphicandfilamentousfungi
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Biological Roles Played by Sphingolipids in Dimorphic and Filamentous Fungi

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