Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.

Pain perception in non-mammalian vertebrates such as fish is a controversial issue. We demonstrate that, in the fish Leporinus macrocephalus, an imposed restraint can modulate the behavioral response to a noxious stimulus, specifically the subcutaneous injection of 3% formaldehyde. In the first expe...

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Autores principales:	Carla Patrícia Bejo Wolkers, Augusto Barbosa Junior, Leda Menescal-de-Oliveira, Anette Hoffmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba2fc5c871974f2686d5c18dd3e2aa88
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba2fc5c871974f2686d5c18dd3e2aa882021-11-18T09:01:55ZStress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0071175https://doaj.org/article/ba2fc5c871974f2686d5c18dd3e2aa882013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23936261/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Pain perception in non-mammalian vertebrates such as fish is a controversial issue. We demonstrate that, in the fish Leporinus macrocephalus, an imposed restraint can modulate the behavioral response to a noxious stimulus, specifically the subcutaneous injection of 3% formaldehyde. In the first experiment, formaldehyde was applied immediately after 3 or 5 min of the restraint. Inhibition of the increase in locomotor activity in response to formaldehyde was observed, which suggests a possible restraint-induced antinociception. In the second experiment, the noxious stimulus was applied 0, 5, 10 and 15 min after the restraint, and both 3 and 5 min of restraint promoted short-term antinociception of approximately 5 min. In experiments 3 and 4, an intraperitoneal injection of naloxone (30 mg.kg(-1)) was administered 30 min prior to the restraint. The 3- minute restraint-induced antinociception was blocked by pretreatment with naloxone, but the corresponding 5-minute response was not. One possible explanation for this result is that an opioid and a non-preferential μ-opioid and/or non-opioid mechanism participate in this response modulation. Furthermore, we observed that both the 3- and 5- minutes restraint were severely stressful events for the organism, promoting marked increases in serum cortisol levels. These data indicate that the response to a noxious stimulus can be modulated by an environmental stressor in fish, as is the case in mammals. To our knowledge, this study is the first evidence for the existence of an endogenous antinociceptive system that is activated by an acute standardized stress in fish. Additionally, it characterizes the antinociceptive response induced by stress in terms of its time course and the opioid mediation, providing information for understanding the evolution of nociception modulation.Carla Patrícia Bejo WolkersAugusto Barbosa JuniorLeda Menescal-de-OliveiraAnette HoffmannPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e71175 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carla Patrícia Bejo Wolkers Augusto Barbosa Junior Leda Menescal-de-Oliveira Anette Hoffmann Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
description	Pain perception in non-mammalian vertebrates such as fish is a controversial issue. We demonstrate that, in the fish Leporinus macrocephalus, an imposed restraint can modulate the behavioral response to a noxious stimulus, specifically the subcutaneous injection of 3% formaldehyde. In the first experiment, formaldehyde was applied immediately after 3 or 5 min of the restraint. Inhibition of the increase in locomotor activity in response to formaldehyde was observed, which suggests a possible restraint-induced antinociception. In the second experiment, the noxious stimulus was applied 0, 5, 10 and 15 min after the restraint, and both 3 and 5 min of restraint promoted short-term antinociception of approximately 5 min. In experiments 3 and 4, an intraperitoneal injection of naloxone (30 mg.kg(-1)) was administered 30 min prior to the restraint. The 3- minute restraint-induced antinociception was blocked by pretreatment with naloxone, but the corresponding 5-minute response was not. One possible explanation for this result is that an opioid and a non-preferential μ-opioid and/or non-opioid mechanism participate in this response modulation. Furthermore, we observed that both the 3- and 5- minutes restraint were severely stressful events for the organism, promoting marked increases in serum cortisol levels. These data indicate that the response to a noxious stimulus can be modulated by an environmental stressor in fish, as is the case in mammals. To our knowledge, this study is the first evidence for the existence of an endogenous antinociceptive system that is activated by an acute standardized stress in fish. Additionally, it characterizes the antinociceptive response induced by stress in terms of its time course and the opioid mediation, providing information for understanding the evolution of nociception modulation.
format	article
author	Carla Patrícia Bejo Wolkers Augusto Barbosa Junior Leda Menescal-de-Oliveira Anette Hoffmann
author_facet	Carla Patrícia Bejo Wolkers Augusto Barbosa Junior Leda Menescal-de-Oliveira Anette Hoffmann
author_sort	Carla Patrícia Bejo Wolkers
title	Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
title_short	Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
title_full	Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
title_fullStr	Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
title_full_unstemmed	Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
title_sort	stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba2fc5c871974f2686d5c18dd3e2aa88
work_keys_str_mv	AT carlapatriciabejowolkers stressinducedantinociceptioninfishreversedbynaloxone AT augustobarbosajunior stressinducedantinociceptioninfishreversedbynaloxone AT ledamenescaldeoliveira stressinducedantinociceptioninfishreversedbynaloxone AT anettehoffmann stressinducedantinociceptioninfishreversedbynaloxone
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Stress-induced antinociception in fish reversed by naloxone.

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