How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.

Measuring the costs of soaring, gliding and flapping flight in raptors is challenging, but essential for understanding their ecology. Among raptors, vultures are scavengers that have evolved highly efficient soaring-gliding flight techniques to minimize energy costs to find unpredictable food resour...

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Autores principales:	Olivier Duriez, Akiko Kato, Clara Tromp, Giacomo Dell'Omo, Alexei L Vyssotski, François Sarrazin, Yan Ropert-Coudert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba39f60ef3744bbbb22204d80411f401
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba39f60ef3744bbbb22204d80411f4012021-11-18T08:37:45ZHow cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0084887https://doaj.org/article/ba39f60ef3744bbbb22204d80411f4012014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24454760/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Measuring the costs of soaring, gliding and flapping flight in raptors is challenging, but essential for understanding their ecology. Among raptors, vultures are scavengers that have evolved highly efficient soaring-gliding flight techniques to minimize energy costs to find unpredictable food resources. Using electrocardiogram, GPS and accelerometer bio-loggers, we report the heart rate (HR) of captive griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus and G. himalayensis) trained for freely-flying. HR increased three-fold at take-off (characterized by prolonged flapping flight) and landing (>300 beats-per-minute, (bpm)) compared to baseline levels (80-100 bpm). However, within 10 minutes after the initial flapping phase, HR in soaring/gliding flight dropped to values similar to baseline levels, i.e. slightly lower than theoretically expected. However, the extremely rapid decrease in HR was unexpected, when compared with other marine gliders, such as albatrosses. Weather conditions influenced flight performance and HR was noticeably higher during cloudy compared to sunny conditions when prolonged soaring flight is made easier by thermal ascending air currents. Soaring as a cheap locomotory mode is a crucial adaptation for vultures who spend so long on the wing for wide-ranging movements to find food.Olivier DuriezAkiko KatoClara TrompGiacomo Dell'OmoAlexei L VyssotskiFrançois SarrazinYan Ropert-CoudertPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e84887 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Olivier Duriez Akiko Kato Clara Tromp Giacomo Dell'Omo Alexei L Vyssotski François Sarrazin Yan Ropert-Coudert How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
description	Measuring the costs of soaring, gliding and flapping flight in raptors is challenging, but essential for understanding their ecology. Among raptors, vultures are scavengers that have evolved highly efficient soaring-gliding flight techniques to minimize energy costs to find unpredictable food resources. Using electrocardiogram, GPS and accelerometer bio-loggers, we report the heart rate (HR) of captive griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus and G. himalayensis) trained for freely-flying. HR increased three-fold at take-off (characterized by prolonged flapping flight) and landing (>300 beats-per-minute, (bpm)) compared to baseline levels (80-100 bpm). However, within 10 minutes after the initial flapping phase, HR in soaring/gliding flight dropped to values similar to baseline levels, i.e. slightly lower than theoretically expected. However, the extremely rapid decrease in HR was unexpected, when compared with other marine gliders, such as albatrosses. Weather conditions influenced flight performance and HR was noticeably higher during cloudy compared to sunny conditions when prolonged soaring flight is made easier by thermal ascending air currents. Soaring as a cheap locomotory mode is a crucial adaptation for vultures who spend so long on the wing for wide-ranging movements to find food.
format	article
author	Olivier Duriez Akiko Kato Clara Tromp Giacomo Dell'Omo Alexei L Vyssotski François Sarrazin Yan Ropert-Coudert
author_facet	Olivier Duriez Akiko Kato Clara Tromp Giacomo Dell'Omo Alexei L Vyssotski François Sarrazin Yan Ropert-Coudert
author_sort	Olivier Duriez
title	How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
title_short	How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
title_full	How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
title_fullStr	How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
title_full_unstemmed	How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
title_sort	how cheap is soaring flight in raptors? a preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba39f60ef3744bbbb22204d80411f401
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How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.

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