Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)

Abstract Theobroma cacao is one of the most economically important tropical trees, being the source of chocolate. As part of an ongoing study to understand the diversity of the badnavirus complex, responsible for the cacao swollen shoot virus disease in West Africa, evidence was found recently of vi...

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Autores principales: Emmanuelle Muller, Ihsan Ullah, Jim M. Dunwell, Andrew J. Daymond, Megan Richardson, Joël Allainguillaume, Andy Wetten
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Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/ba501f732cd24845a6ff92c3637876b3
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:ba501f732cd24845a6ff92c3637876b32021-12-02T18:03:31ZIdentification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)10.1038/s41598-021-87690-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ba501f732cd24845a6ff92c3637876b32021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87690-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Theobroma cacao is one of the most economically important tropical trees, being the source of chocolate. As part of an ongoing study to understand the diversity of the badnavirus complex, responsible for the cacao swollen shoot virus disease in West Africa, evidence was found recently of virus-like sequences in asymptomatic cacao plants. The present study exploited the wealth of genomic resources in this crop, and combined bioinformatic, molecular, and genetic approaches to report for the first time the presence of integrated badnaviral sequences in most of the cacao genetic groups. These sequences, which we propose to name eTcBV for endogenous T. cacao bacilliform virus, varied in type with each predominating in a specific genetic group. A diagnostic multiplex PCR method was developed to identify the homozygous or hemizygous condition of one specific insert, which was inherited as a single Mendelian trait. These data suggest that these integration events occurred before or during the species diversification in Central and South America, and prior to its cultivation in other regions. Such evidence of integrated sequences is relevant to the management of cacao quarantine facilities and may also aid novel methods to reduce the impact of such viruses in this crop.Emmanuelle MullerIhsan UllahJim M. DunwellAndrew J. DaymondMegan RichardsonJoël AllainguillaumeAndy WettenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Emmanuelle Muller
Ihsan Ullah
Jim M. Dunwell
Andrew J. Daymond
Megan Richardson
Joël Allainguillaume
Andy Wetten
Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
description Abstract Theobroma cacao is one of the most economically important tropical trees, being the source of chocolate. As part of an ongoing study to understand the diversity of the badnavirus complex, responsible for the cacao swollen shoot virus disease in West Africa, evidence was found recently of virus-like sequences in asymptomatic cacao plants. The present study exploited the wealth of genomic resources in this crop, and combined bioinformatic, molecular, and genetic approaches to report for the first time the presence of integrated badnaviral sequences in most of the cacao genetic groups. These sequences, which we propose to name eTcBV for endogenous T. cacao bacilliform virus, varied in type with each predominating in a specific genetic group. A diagnostic multiplex PCR method was developed to identify the homozygous or hemizygous condition of one specific insert, which was inherited as a single Mendelian trait. These data suggest that these integration events occurred before or during the species diversification in Central and South America, and prior to its cultivation in other regions. Such evidence of integrated sequences is relevant to the management of cacao quarantine facilities and may also aid novel methods to reduce the impact of such viruses in this crop.
format article
author Emmanuelle Muller
Ihsan Ullah
Jim M. Dunwell
Andrew J. Daymond
Megan Richardson
Joël Allainguillaume
Andy Wetten
author_facet Emmanuelle Muller
Ihsan Ullah
Jim M. Dunwell
Andrew J. Daymond
Megan Richardson
Joël Allainguillaume
Andy Wetten
author_sort Emmanuelle Muller
title Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
title_short Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
title_full Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
title_fullStr Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
title_full_unstemmed Identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
title_sort identification and distribution of novel badnaviral sequences integrated in the genome of cacao (theobroma cacao)
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/ba501f732cd24845a6ff92c3637876b3
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