Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts

Humic acid (HA) is a material that could be used to decrease erosion and improve soil structure. It is also known that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have a major role in soil stabilization, but the mechanism is not well understood in the presence of HA, especially with mechanistic soil detachme...

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Autores principales:	Atheer A. Abbood, Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	humic acids biological soil crusts mechanistic soil erodibility parameters soil stabilization jet erosion test (JET) Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba52c123daa1459bb4dd6bfeef2a6feb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba52c123daa1459bb4dd6bfeef2a6feb2021-11-25T18:09:29ZQuantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts10.3390/land101111802073-445Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ba52c123daa1459bb4dd6bfeef2a6feb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1180https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445XHumic acid (HA) is a material that could be used to decrease erosion and improve soil structure. It is also known that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have a major role in soil stabilization, but the mechanism is not well understood in the presence of HA, especially with mechanistic soil detachment rate parameters (<i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub>) of the Wilson model, where <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> is the dimensional soil detachment parameter and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub> is the dimensional soil threshold parameter. Therefore, this study intends to (1) investigate the effect of different humic acid (HA) concentrations (0%, 4%, and 8%) on mechanistic soil detachment rate parameters (<i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub>,) in the Tigris Riversides of the Gheraiat region, Baghdad City, Iraq, of the crusted versus uncrusted soils using a small scale model of the jet erosion tests (mini-JET) at different curing periods (1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and (2) examine the impact of HA on <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub> parameters versus some soil characteristics, such as electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and soil organic matter for uncrusted and crusted soils. Thirty-six undisturbed soil specimens (18 for crusted soils and 18 for uncrusted soils) were acquired from the Tigris Riverbank. On these specimens, the mini-JET was used to determine the mechanistic cohesive soil erodibility parameters <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub>. The results showed that the value of <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> decreased up to 60% with an increase in curing times for crusted soils until they reached their optimum values at 2 weeks. There was no consistent pattern for <i>b</i><sub>1</sub> at different curing times. As the concentration of HA increased, the value of <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> decreased up to 86% and 99% for crusted and uncrusted soils, respectively. HA significantly improved electrical conductivity, exchange capacity, and organic matter in the soil and reduced soil erodibility. This study provides the benefits of adding HA to the soils as a soil stabilizer using a low-cost technique, which is the JET instrument.Atheer A. AbboodAbdul-Sahib T. Al-MadhhachiMDPI AGarticlehumic acidsbiological soil crustsmechanistic soil erodibility parameterssoil stabilizationjet erosion test (JET)AgricultureSENLand, Vol 10, Iss 1180, p 1180 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	humic acids biological soil crusts mechanistic soil erodibility parameters soil stabilization jet erosion test (JET) Agriculture S
spellingShingle	humic acids biological soil crusts mechanistic soil erodibility parameters soil stabilization jet erosion test (JET) Agriculture S Atheer A. Abbood Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts
description	Humic acid (HA) is a material that could be used to decrease erosion and improve soil structure. It is also known that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have a major role in soil stabilization, but the mechanism is not well understood in the presence of HA, especially with mechanistic soil detachment rate parameters (<i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub>) of the Wilson model, where <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> is the dimensional soil detachment parameter and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub> is the dimensional soil threshold parameter. Therefore, this study intends to (1) investigate the effect of different humic acid (HA) concentrations (0%, 4%, and 8%) on mechanistic soil detachment rate parameters (<i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub>,) in the Tigris Riversides of the Gheraiat region, Baghdad City, Iraq, of the crusted versus uncrusted soils using a small scale model of the jet erosion tests (mini-JET) at different curing periods (1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and (2) examine the impact of HA on <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub> parameters versus some soil characteristics, such as electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and soil organic matter for uncrusted and crusted soils. Thirty-six undisturbed soil specimens (18 for crusted soils and 18 for uncrusted soils) were acquired from the Tigris Riverbank. On these specimens, the mini-JET was used to determine the mechanistic cohesive soil erodibility parameters <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>b</i><sub>1</sub>. The results showed that the value of <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> decreased up to 60% with an increase in curing times for crusted soils until they reached their optimum values at 2 weeks. There was no consistent pattern for <i>b</i><sub>1</sub> at different curing times. As the concentration of HA increased, the value of <i>b</i><sub>0</sub> decreased up to 86% and 99% for crusted and uncrusted soils, respectively. HA significantly improved electrical conductivity, exchange capacity, and organic matter in the soil and reduced soil erodibility. This study provides the benefits of adding HA to the soils as a soil stabilizer using a low-cost technique, which is the JET instrument.
format	article
author	Atheer A. Abbood Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi
author_facet	Atheer A. Abbood Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi
author_sort	Atheer A. Abbood
title	Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts
title_short	Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts
title_full	Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts
title_fullStr	Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts
title_sort	quantifying mechanistic detachment parameters due to humic acids in biological soil crusts
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba52c123daa1459bb4dd6bfeef2a6feb
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Quantifying Mechanistic Detachment Parameters Due to Humic Acids in Biological Soil Crusts

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