Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019

Background: The tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate for northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve is 1.5 higher than the national average. In December 2018 a member of one of these communities was diagnosed with 4+ smear-positive TB, spurring an outbreak investigation. Objectives: To describe the...

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Autores principales:	Nnamdi Ndubuka, Braeden Klaver, Sabyasachi Gupta, Shree Lamichhane, Leslie Brooks, Shirley Nelson, Grace Akinjobi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FR
Publicado:	Public Health Agency of Canada 2021
Materias:	tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d922021-11-18T20:17:16ZDescriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 201910.14745/ccdr.v47i11a071481-8531https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2021-47/issue-11-november-2021/analysis-tuberculosis-outbreak-northern-saskatchewan-first-nation-community-december-2018-may-2019.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/1481-8531Background: The tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate for northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve is 1.5 higher than the national average. In December 2018 a member of one of these communities was diagnosed with 4+ smear-positive TB, spurring an outbreak investigation. Objectives: To describe the public health response to TB outbreak investigation and highlight the risk factors associated with TB transmission in northern Saskatchewan; and to highlight the relevance of social network contact investigation tool in outbreak management. Methods: Descriptive analysis included active TB cases and latent TB infection (LTBI) cases linked by contact investigation to the index case. Data were collected from active TB case files. Statistical analyses were performed and social network analysis conducted using household locations as points of contact between cases. Results: A total of eight active TB cases and 41 LTBI cases were identified as part of the outbreak between December 2018 and May 2019. Half of the cases (4/8) were 25 to 34 years old, and five were smear negative. One-third of the people with LTBI were 15 to 24 years old, and about a half tested positive to the new tuberculin skin test (TST). The commonly reported risk factors for TB and LTBI cases were alcohol use, cigarette use, marijuana use, previous TB infection and homelessness. Social network analysis indicated a relationship between increased node centrality and becoming an active case. Conclusion: Real-time social network contact investigation used in active-case finding was very successful in identifying cases, and enhanced nursing support, mobile clinics and mobile X-ray worked well as a means of confirming cases and offering treatment. TB outbreaks in northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve communities are facilitated by population-specific factors. Efforts to implement context-specific interventions are paramount in managing TB outbreaks and preventing future transmission.Nnamdi NdubukaBraeden KlaverSabyasachi GuptaShree LamichhaneLeslie BrooksShirley NelsonGrace AkinjobiPublic Health Agency of Canadaarticletuberculosisoutbreakinvestigationfirst nationsindigenous communitysaskatchewanreservesocial network analysiscase findingInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENFRCanada Communicable Disease Report , Vol 47, Iss 11, Pp 479-484 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FR
topic	tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
description	Background: The tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate for northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve is 1.5 higher than the national average. In December 2018 a member of one of these communities was diagnosed with 4+ smear-positive TB, spurring an outbreak investigation. Objectives: To describe the public health response to TB outbreak investigation and highlight the risk factors associated with TB transmission in northern Saskatchewan; and to highlight the relevance of social network contact investigation tool in outbreak management. Methods: Descriptive analysis included active TB cases and latent TB infection (LTBI) cases linked by contact investigation to the index case. Data were collected from active TB case files. Statistical analyses were performed and social network analysis conducted using household locations as points of contact between cases. Results: A total of eight active TB cases and 41 LTBI cases were identified as part of the outbreak between December 2018 and May 2019. Half of the cases (4/8) were 25 to 34 years old, and five were smear negative. One-third of the people with LTBI were 15 to 24 years old, and about a half tested positive to the new tuberculin skin test (TST). The commonly reported risk factors for TB and LTBI cases were alcohol use, cigarette use, marijuana use, previous TB infection and homelessness. Social network analysis indicated a relationship between increased node centrality and becoming an active case. Conclusion: Real-time social network contact investigation used in active-case finding was very successful in identifying cases, and enhanced nursing support, mobile clinics and mobile X-ray worked well as a means of confirming cases and offering treatment. TB outbreaks in northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve communities are facilitated by population-specific factors. Efforts to implement context-specific interventions are paramount in managing TB outbreaks and preventing future transmission.
format	article
author	Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi
author_facet	Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi
author_sort	Nnamdi Ndubuka
title	Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
title_short	Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
title_full	Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
title_fullStr	Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
title_full_unstemmed	Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
title_sort	descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern saskatchewan first nations community—december 2018 to may 2019
publisher	Public Health Agency of Canada
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92
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Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019

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