Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters

In the past 20 years, scientific research focused on the identification of valid alternatives to materials of fossil origin, in particular, related to biobased polymers. Recently, the efforts led to the synthesis of thiophene-based polymers (TBPs), a new class of polyesters based on 2,5-thiophenedic...

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Autores principales:	Federico A. Bertolini, Michelina Soccio, Simone Weinberger, Giulia Guidotti, Massimo Gazzano, Georg M. Guebitz, Nadia Lotti, Alessandro Pellis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	polyesters thiophene-based polymers cutinases circular economy biodegradability circular materials Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba7d93ead0a24ed39e4fa461b76f841c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba7d93ead0a24ed39e4fa461b76f841c2021-11-15T05:31:27ZUnveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters2296-264610.3389/fchem.2021.771612https://doaj.org/article/ba7d93ead0a24ed39e4fa461b76f841c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.771612/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2646In the past 20 years, scientific research focused on the identification of valid alternatives to materials of fossil origin, in particular, related to biobased polymers. Recently, the efforts led to the synthesis of thiophene-based polymers (TBPs), a new class of polyesters based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TPCA) that can be industrially produced using biomass-derived molecules. In this study, TBPs were synthesized using diols with different chain length (from C4 to C6) leading to poly(butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF), poly(pentamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PPeTF), and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PHTF), respectively, that were processed to thin films. To investigate enzymatic hydrolysis of these polymer films, cutinase 1 (Thc_cut1) and cutinase 2 (Thc_cut2) from Thermobifida cellulosilytica were recombinantly expressed in the host E. coli and purified. After 72 h of incubation at 65°C with 5 µM Thc_cut1, weight loss and HPLC analysis indicated 9, 100, and 80% degradation of PBTF, PPeTF, and PHTG with a concomitant release of 0.12, 2.70, and 0.67 mM of TPCA. The SEM analysis showed that tiny holes were formed on the surface of the films and after 72 h PPeTF was completely degraded. The LC-TOF/MS analysis indicated that Thc_cut2 in particular released various oligomers from the polymer during the reaction. In addition, the FTIR analysis showed the formation of novel acid and hydroxyl groups on the polymer surfaces. The results showed that the two used thermostable cutinases are promising biocatalysts for the environmentally friendly degradation of TPCA-based polyesters, in view of a possible sustainable recycling of plastic waste through resynthesis processes.Federico A. BertoliniMichelina SoccioSimone WeinbergerGiulia GuidottiMassimo GazzanoGeorg M. GuebitzGeorg M. GuebitzNadia LottiAlessandro PellisAlessandro PellisAlessandro PellisFrontiers Media S.A.articlepolyestersthiophene-based polymerscutinasescircular economybiodegradabilitycircular materialsChemistryQD1-999ENFrontiers in Chemistry, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polyesters thiophene-based polymers cutinases circular economy biodegradability circular materials Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	polyesters thiophene-based polymers cutinases circular economy biodegradability circular materials Chemistry QD1-999 Federico A. Bertolini Michelina Soccio Simone Weinberger Giulia Guidotti Massimo Gazzano Georg M. Guebitz Georg M. Guebitz Nadia Lotti Alessandro Pellis Alessandro Pellis Alessandro Pellis Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters
description	In the past 20 years, scientific research focused on the identification of valid alternatives to materials of fossil origin, in particular, related to biobased polymers. Recently, the efforts led to the synthesis of thiophene-based polymers (TBPs), a new class of polyesters based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TPCA) that can be industrially produced using biomass-derived molecules. In this study, TBPs were synthesized using diols with different chain length (from C4 to C6) leading to poly(butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF), poly(pentamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PPeTF), and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PHTF), respectively, that were processed to thin films. To investigate enzymatic hydrolysis of these polymer films, cutinase 1 (Thc_cut1) and cutinase 2 (Thc_cut2) from Thermobifida cellulosilytica were recombinantly expressed in the host E. coli and purified. After 72 h of incubation at 65°C with 5 µM Thc_cut1, weight loss and HPLC analysis indicated 9, 100, and 80% degradation of PBTF, PPeTF, and PHTG with a concomitant release of 0.12, 2.70, and 0.67 mM of TPCA. The SEM analysis showed that tiny holes were formed on the surface of the films and after 72 h PPeTF was completely degraded. The LC-TOF/MS analysis indicated that Thc_cut2 in particular released various oligomers from the polymer during the reaction. In addition, the FTIR analysis showed the formation of novel acid and hydroxyl groups on the polymer surfaces. The results showed that the two used thermostable cutinases are promising biocatalysts for the environmentally friendly degradation of TPCA-based polyesters, in view of a possible sustainable recycling of plastic waste through resynthesis processes.
format	article
author	Federico A. Bertolini Michelina Soccio Simone Weinberger Giulia Guidotti Massimo Gazzano Georg M. Guebitz Georg M. Guebitz Nadia Lotti Alessandro Pellis Alessandro Pellis Alessandro Pellis
author_facet	Federico A. Bertolini Michelina Soccio Simone Weinberger Giulia Guidotti Massimo Gazzano Georg M. Guebitz Georg M. Guebitz Nadia Lotti Alessandro Pellis Alessandro Pellis Alessandro Pellis
author_sort	Federico A. Bertolini
title	Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters
title_short	Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters
title_full	Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters
title_fullStr	Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters
title_full_unstemmed	Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters
title_sort	unveiling the enzymatic degradation process of biobased thiophene polyesters
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba7d93ead0a24ed39e4fa461b76f841c
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Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters

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