Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors

In water stressed areas, flush toilets using fresh water are unsustainable. This paper explores the ability of intermittent sand bioreactors (ISBs) to treat seawater salinity septic tank effluent for on-site wastewater treatment in coastal regions. Two ISB designs, sand only and layered sand and gra...

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Autores principales:	Kristen M. Conroy, Karen M. Mancl
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	ammonia clogging intermittent sand bioreactor on-site wastewater treatment resting seawater salinity sewage Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba89cf31bc98479c83ba11149ce0ce4a
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:ba89cf31bc98479c83ba11149ce0ce4a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba89cf31bc98479c83ba11149ce0ce4a2021-12-02T07:41:12ZTreatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.423https://doaj.org/article/ba89cf31bc98479c83ba11149ce0ce4a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/10-11/3237https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732In water stressed areas, flush toilets using fresh water are unsustainable. This paper explores the ability of intermittent sand bioreactors (ISBs) to treat seawater salinity septic tank effluent for on-site wastewater treatment in coastal regions. Two ISB designs, sand only and layered sand and gravel, are compared for treatment efficacy. Six columns of each design were constructed in the laboratory and dosed four times per day, for a total hydraulic loading rate of 4 cm/day, with artificial seawater salinity septic tank effluent over 21 months. Average TOC and ammonia removal for both designs averaged >90% and >96%, respectively. No statistically significant difference existed in the percent removal or effluent concentrations between the two designs. Half of the columns of each design produced effluent with >4 mg/L ammonia at least once during the study, resulting in discontinuation of wastewater application for seven weeks. This resting approach resulted in effective treatment for up to 9 months (limited by the end of the study). The results indicate that both ISB designs can treat artificial seawater salinity septic tank effluent, but that an additional 1/3 capacity is needed to maintain a consistent hydraulic loading rate while accounting for resting ISBs when treatment efficacy declines. HIGHLIGHTS Intermittent sand bioreactors (ISBs) effectively treated seawater salinity septic tank effluent.; One- and three-layer ISBs performed similarly treating seawater salinity septic tank effluent.; Effluent ammonia-N exceeded 4 mg/L at least once in 50% of columns of each ISB design.; Seven weeks of resting restored ammonia removal capacity of ISBs.; Recommend designing systems with 1/3 additional hydraulic loading rate capacity.;Kristen M. ConroyKaren M. ManclIWA Publishingarticleammoniacloggingintermittent sand bioreactoron-site wastewater treatmentrestingseawater salinity sewageEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 10-11, Pp 3237-3245 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ammonia clogging intermittent sand bioreactor on-site wastewater treatment resting seawater salinity sewage Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	ammonia clogging intermittent sand bioreactor on-site wastewater treatment resting seawater salinity sewage Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Kristen M. Conroy Karen M. Mancl Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
description	In water stressed areas, flush toilets using fresh water are unsustainable. This paper explores the ability of intermittent sand bioreactors (ISBs) to treat seawater salinity septic tank effluent for on-site wastewater treatment in coastal regions. Two ISB designs, sand only and layered sand and gravel, are compared for treatment efficacy. Six columns of each design were constructed in the laboratory and dosed four times per day, for a total hydraulic loading rate of 4 cm/day, with artificial seawater salinity septic tank effluent over 21 months. Average TOC and ammonia removal for both designs averaged >90% and >96%, respectively. No statistically significant difference existed in the percent removal or effluent concentrations between the two designs. Half of the columns of each design produced effluent with >4 mg/L ammonia at least once during the study, resulting in discontinuation of wastewater application for seven weeks. This resting approach resulted in effective treatment for up to 9 months (limited by the end of the study). The results indicate that both ISB designs can treat artificial seawater salinity septic tank effluent, but that an additional 1/3 capacity is needed to maintain a consistent hydraulic loading rate while accounting for resting ISBs when treatment efficacy declines. HIGHLIGHTS Intermittent sand bioreactors (ISBs) effectively treated seawater salinity septic tank effluent.; One- and three-layer ISBs performed similarly treating seawater salinity septic tank effluent.; Effluent ammonia-N exceeded 4 mg/L at least once in 50% of columns of each ISB design.; Seven weeks of resting restored ammonia removal capacity of ISBs.; Recommend designing systems with 1/3 additional hydraulic loading rate capacity.;
format	article
author	Kristen M. Conroy Karen M. Mancl
author_facet	Kristen M. Conroy Karen M. Mancl
author_sort	Kristen M. Conroy
title	Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
title_short	Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
title_full	Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
title_fullStr	Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
title_full_unstemmed	Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
title_sort	treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba89cf31bc98479c83ba11149ce0ce4a
work_keys_str_mv	AT kristenmconroy treatmentofseawatersalinitysewagewithintermittentsandbioreactors AT karenmmancl treatmentofseawatersalinitysewagewithintermittentsandbioreactors
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Treatment of seawater salinity sewage with intermittent sand bioreactors

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