Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

The ubiquitous persistence of plastic waste in diverse forms and different environmental matrices is one of the main challenges that modern societies are facing at present. The exponential utilization and recalcitrance of synthetic plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), results in the...

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Autores principales:	Seyedehazita Ahmaditabatabaei, Godfrey Kyazze, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, Tajalli Keshavarz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	plastic PET PET-persistence fungi fungal enzyme enzymatic degradation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba98a5b28aef420f8458a671b8b93156
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba98a5b28aef420f8458a671b8b931562021-11-25T18:05:53ZFungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation10.3390/jof71109312309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ba98a5b28aef420f8458a671b8b931562021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/931https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608XThe ubiquitous persistence of plastic waste in diverse forms and different environmental matrices is one of the main challenges that modern societies are facing at present. The exponential utilization and recalcitrance of synthetic plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), results in their extensive accumulation, which is a significant threat to the ecosystem. The growing amount of plastic waste ending up in landfills and oceans is alarming due to its possible adverse effects on biota. Thus, there is an urgent need to mitigate plastic waste to tackle the environmental crisis of plastic pollution. With regards to PET, there is a plethora of literature on the transportation route, ingestion, environmental fate, amount, and the adverse ecological and human health effects. Several studies have described the deployment of various microbial enzymes with much focus on bacterial-enzyme mediated removal and remediation of PET. However, there is a lack of consolidated studies on the exploitation of fungal enzymes for PET degradation. Herein, an effort has been made to cover this literature gap by spotlighting the fungi and their unique enzymes, e.g., esterases, lipases, and cutinases. These fungal enzymes have emerged as candidates for the development of biocatalytic PET degradation processes. The first half of this review is focused on fungal biocatalysts involved in the degradation of PET. The latter half explains three main aspects: (1) catalytic mechanism of PET hydrolysis in the presence of cutinases as a model fungal enzyme, (2) limitations hindering enzymatic PET biodegradation, and (3) strategies for enhancement of enzymatic PET biodegradation.Seyedehazita AhmaditabatabaeiGodfrey KyazzeHafiz M. N. IqbalTajalli KeshavarzMDPI AGarticleplasticPETPET-persistencefungifungal enzymeenzymatic degradationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 931, p 931 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	plastic PET PET-persistence fungi fungal enzyme enzymatic degradation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	plastic PET PET-persistence fungi fungal enzyme enzymatic degradation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Seyedehazita Ahmaditabatabaei Godfrey Kyazze Hafiz M. N. Iqbal Tajalli Keshavarz Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
description	The ubiquitous persistence of plastic waste in diverse forms and different environmental matrices is one of the main challenges that modern societies are facing at present. The exponential utilization and recalcitrance of synthetic plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), results in their extensive accumulation, which is a significant threat to the ecosystem. The growing amount of plastic waste ending up in landfills and oceans is alarming due to its possible adverse effects on biota. Thus, there is an urgent need to mitigate plastic waste to tackle the environmental crisis of plastic pollution. With regards to PET, there is a plethora of literature on the transportation route, ingestion, environmental fate, amount, and the adverse ecological and human health effects. Several studies have described the deployment of various microbial enzymes with much focus on bacterial-enzyme mediated removal and remediation of PET. However, there is a lack of consolidated studies on the exploitation of fungal enzymes for PET degradation. Herein, an effort has been made to cover this literature gap by spotlighting the fungi and their unique enzymes, e.g., esterases, lipases, and cutinases. These fungal enzymes have emerged as candidates for the development of biocatalytic PET degradation processes. The first half of this review is focused on fungal biocatalysts involved in the degradation of PET. The latter half explains three main aspects: (1) catalytic mechanism of PET hydrolysis in the presence of cutinases as a model fungal enzyme, (2) limitations hindering enzymatic PET biodegradation, and (3) strategies for enhancement of enzymatic PET biodegradation.
format	article
author	Seyedehazita Ahmaditabatabaei Godfrey Kyazze Hafiz M. N. Iqbal Tajalli Keshavarz
author_facet	Seyedehazita Ahmaditabatabaei Godfrey Kyazze Hafiz M. N. Iqbal Tajalli Keshavarz
author_sort	Seyedehazita Ahmaditabatabaei
title	Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
title_short	Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
title_full	Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
title_fullStr	Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
title_full_unstemmed	Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
title_sort	fungal enzymes as catalytic tools for polyethylene terephthalate (pet) degradation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba98a5b28aef420f8458a671b8b93156
work_keys_str_mv	AT seyedehazitaahmaditabatabaei fungalenzymesascatalytictoolsforpolyethyleneterephthalatepetdegradation AT godfreykyazze fungalenzymesascatalytictoolsforpolyethyleneterephthalatepetdegradation AT hafizmniqbal fungalenzymesascatalytictoolsforpolyethyleneterephthalatepetdegradation AT tajallikeshavarz fungalenzymesascatalytictoolsforpolyethyleneterephthalatepetdegradation
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Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

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