SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI

SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI

(1) Background: Small Animal Fast Insert for MRI detector I (SAFIR-I) is a preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) insert for the Bruker BioSpec 70/30 Ultra Shield Refrigerated (USR) preclinical 7<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="...

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Autores principales: Pascal Bebié, Robert Becker, Volker Commichau, Jan Debus, Günther Dissertori, Lubomir Djambazov, Afroditi Eleftheriou, Jannis Fischer, Peter Fischer, Mikiko Ito, Parisa Khateri, Werner Lustermann, Christian Ritzer, Michael Ritzert, Ulf Röser, Charalampos Tsoumpas, Geoffrey Warnock, Bruno Weber, Matthias T. Wyss, Agnieszka Zagozdzinska-Bochenek
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
PET detector
PET insert
MRI
preclinical PET/MRI
dynamic PET/MR imaging
high frame rates
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/ba9e9aee12a44992b33bddae47aa4c21
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Sumario:(1) Background: Small Animal Fast Insert for MRI detector I (SAFIR-I) is a preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) insert for the Bruker BioSpec 70/30 Ultra Shield Refrigerated (USR) preclinical 7<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system. It is designed explicitly for high-rate kinetic studies in mice and rats with injected activities reaching 500<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, enabling truly simultaneous quantitative PET and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging with time frames of a few seconds in length. (2) Methods: SAFIR-I has an axial field of view of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>54</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and an inner diameter of 114<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. It employs Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) crystals and Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) arrays. The Position-Energy-Timing Application Specific Integrated Circuit, version 6, Single Ended (PETA6SE) digitizes the MPPC signals and provides time stamps and energy information. (3) Results: SAFIR-I is MR-compatible. The system’s Coincidence Resolving Time (CRT) and energy resolution are between separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>209</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>41</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>02</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) at low activity and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>326</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>89</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>630</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>011</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> FWHM at 550<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. The peak sensitivity is ∼<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The excellent performance facilitated the successful execution of first in vivo rat studies beyond 300<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Based on features visible in the acquired images, we estimate the spatial resolution to be ∼2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the center of the Field Of View (FOV). (4) Conclusion: The SAFIR-I PET insert provides excellent performance, permitting simultaneous in vivo small animal PET/MR image acquisitions with time frames of a few seconds in length at activities of up to 500<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>.

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