SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI

(1) Background: Small Animal Fast Insert for MRI detector I (SAFIR-I) is a preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) insert for the Bruker BioSpec 70/30 Ultra Shield Refrigerated (USR) preclinical 7<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="...

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Autores principales:	Pascal Bebié, Robert Becker, Volker Commichau, Jan Debus, Günther Dissertori, Lubomir Djambazov, Afroditi Eleftheriou, Jannis Fischer, Peter Fischer, Mikiko Ito, Parisa Khateri, Werner Lustermann, Christian Ritzer, Michael Ritzert, Ulf Röser, Charalampos Tsoumpas, Geoffrey Warnock, Bruno Weber, Matthias T. Wyss, Agnieszka Zagozdzinska-Bochenek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	PET detector PET insert MRI preclinical PET/MRI dynamic PET/MR imaging high frame rates Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ba9e9aee12a44992b33bddae47aa4c21
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:ba9e9aee12a44992b33bddae47aa4c21
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PET detector PET insert MRI preclinical PET/MRI dynamic PET/MR imaging high frame rates Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	PET detector PET insert MRI preclinical PET/MRI dynamic PET/MR imaging high frame rates Chemical technology TP1-1185 Pascal Bebié Robert Becker Volker Commichau Jan Debus Günther Dissertori Lubomir Djambazov Afroditi Eleftheriou Jannis Fischer Peter Fischer Mikiko Ito Parisa Khateri Werner Lustermann Christian Ritzer Michael Ritzert Ulf Röser Charalampos Tsoumpas Geoffrey Warnock Bruno Weber Matthias T. Wyss Agnieszka Zagozdzinska-Bochenek SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI
description	(1) Background: Small Animal Fast Insert for MRI detector I (SAFIR-I) is a preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) insert for the Bruker BioSpec 70/30 Ultra Shield Refrigerated (USR) preclinical 7<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system. It is designed explicitly for high-rate kinetic studies in mice and rats with injected activities reaching 500<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, enabling truly simultaneous quantitative PET and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging with time frames of a few seconds in length. (2) Methods: SAFIR-I has an axial field of view of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>54</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and an inner diameter of 114<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. It employs Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) crystals and Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) arrays. The Position-Energy-Timing Application Specific Integrated Circuit, version 6, Single Ended (PETA6SE) digitizes the MPPC signals and provides time stamps and energy information. (3) Results: SAFIR-I is MR-compatible. The system’s Coincidence Resolving Time (CRT) and energy resolution are between separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>209</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>41</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>02</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) at low activity and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>326</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>89</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>630</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>011</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> FWHM at 550<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. The peak sensitivity is ∼<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The excellent performance facilitated the successful execution of first in vivo rat studies beyond 300<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Based on features visible in the acquired images, we estimate the spatial resolution to be ∼2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the center of the Field Of View (FOV). (4) Conclusion: The SAFIR-I PET insert provides excellent performance, permitting simultaneous in vivo small animal PET/MR image acquisitions with time frames of a few seconds in length at activities of up to 500<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>.
format	article
author	Pascal Bebié Robert Becker Volker Commichau Jan Debus Günther Dissertori Lubomir Djambazov Afroditi Eleftheriou Jannis Fischer Peter Fischer Mikiko Ito Parisa Khateri Werner Lustermann Christian Ritzer Michael Ritzert Ulf Röser Charalampos Tsoumpas Geoffrey Warnock Bruno Weber Matthias T. Wyss Agnieszka Zagozdzinska-Bochenek
author_facet	Pascal Bebié Robert Becker Volker Commichau Jan Debus Günther Dissertori Lubomir Djambazov Afroditi Eleftheriou Jannis Fischer Peter Fischer Mikiko Ito Parisa Khateri Werner Lustermann Christian Ritzer Michael Ritzert Ulf Röser Charalampos Tsoumpas Geoffrey Warnock Bruno Weber Matthias T. Wyss Agnieszka Zagozdzinska-Bochenek
author_sort	Pascal Bebié
title	SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI
title_short	SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI
title_full	SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI
title_fullStr	SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI
title_full_unstemmed	SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI
title_sort	safir-i: design and performance of a high-rate preclinical pet insert for mri
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ba9e9aee12a44992b33bddae47aa4c21
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ba9e9aee12a44992b33bddae47aa4c212021-11-11T19:04:07ZSAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI10.3390/s212170371424-8220https://doaj.org/article/ba9e9aee12a44992b33bddae47aa4c212021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7037https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220(1) Background: Small Animal Fast Insert for MRI detector I (SAFIR-I) is a preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) insert for the Bruker BioSpec 70/30 Ultra Shield Refrigerated (USR) preclinical 7<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system. It is designed explicitly for high-rate kinetic studies in mice and rats with injected activities reaching 500<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, enabling truly simultaneous quantitative PET and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging with time frames of a few seconds in length. (2) Methods: SAFIR-I has an axial field of view of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>54</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and an inner diameter of 114<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. It employs Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) crystals and Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) arrays. The Position-Energy-Timing Application Specific Integrated Circuit, version 6, Single Ended (PETA6SE) digitizes the MPPC signals and provides time stamps and energy information. (3) Results: SAFIR-I is MR-compatible. The system’s Coincidence Resolving Time (CRT) and energy resolution are between separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>209</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>41</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>02</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) at low activity and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>326</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>89</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and separate-uncertainty <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>630</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>011</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> FWHM at 550<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. The peak sensitivity is ∼<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The excellent performance facilitated the successful execution of first in vivo rat studies beyond 300<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Based on features visible in the acquired images, we estimate the spatial resolution to be ∼2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the center of the Field Of View (FOV). (4) Conclusion: The SAFIR-I PET insert provides excellent performance, permitting simultaneous in vivo small animal PET/MR image acquisitions with time frames of a few seconds in length at activities of up to 500<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Bq</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>.Pascal BebiéRobert BeckerVolker CommichauJan DebusGünther DissertoriLubomir DjambazovAfroditi EleftheriouJannis FischerPeter FischerMikiko ItoParisa KhateriWerner LustermannChristian RitzerMichael RitzertUlf RöserCharalampos TsoumpasGeoffrey WarnockBruno WeberMatthias T. WyssAgnieszka Zagozdzinska-BochenekMDPI AGarticlePET detectorPET insertMRIpreclinical PET/MRIdynamic PET/MR imaginghigh frame ratesChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7037, p 7037 (2021)

SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI

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