Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds

Toxoplasma gondii infection has been reported in numerous species of marine mammals, some of them with fatal consequences. A serosurvey for T. gondii infection was conducted in pinnipeds from an oceanographic park in Portugal (n = 60); strande...

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Autores principales:	Micaela Martins, Nuno Urbani, Carla Flanagan, Ursula Siebert, Stephanie Gross, Jitender P. Dubey, Luís Cardoso, Ana Patrícia Lopes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antibodies pinnipeds Portugal seroprevalence modified agglutination test <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bab017edb70c47139a3a7a61460340a0
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:bab017edb70c47139a3a7a61460340a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bab017edb70c47139a3a7a61460340a02021-11-25T18:38:06ZSeroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds10.3390/pathogens101114152076-0817https://doaj.org/article/bab017edb70c47139a3a7a61460340a02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1415https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection has been reported in numerous species of marine mammals, some of them with fatal consequences. A serosurvey for <i>T. gondii</i> infection was conducted in pinnipeds from an oceanographic park in Portugal (<i>n</i> = 60); stranded pinnipeds on the Portuguese coast (<i>n</i> = 10); and pinnipeds captured in Lorenzensplate, Germany (<i>n</i> = 99). Sera from 169 pinnipeds were tested for the presence of antibodies to <i>T. gondii</i> by the modified agglutination test with a cut-off titre of 25. An overall seroprevalence of 8.9% (95% confidence interval: 5.1–14.2) was observed. Antibody titres of 25, 50, 100, 1600 and ≥3200 were found in five (33.3%), two (13.3%), five (33.3%), one (6.7%) and two (13.3%) animals, respectively. Pinnipeds under human care had a seroprevalence of 20.0% (12/60), in contrast to 2.8% (3/109) in wild pinnipeds (<i>p</i> < 0.001). General results suggest a low exposure of wild pinnipeds to <i>T. gondii</i>, while the seroprevalence found in pinnipeds under human care highlights the importance of carrying out further studies. This is the first serological survey of <i>T. gondii</i> in pinnipeds in Portugal and the first infection report in South African fur seal (<i>Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus</i>).Micaela MartinsNuno UrbaniCarla FlanaganUrsula SiebertStephanie GrossJitender P. DubeyLuís CardosoAna Patrícia LopesMDPI AGarticleantibodiespinnipedsPortugalseroprevalencemodified agglutination test<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>MedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1415, p 1415 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antibodies pinnipeds Portugal seroprevalence modified agglutination test <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Medicine R
spellingShingle	antibodies pinnipeds Portugal seroprevalence modified agglutination test <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Medicine R Micaela Martins Nuno Urbani Carla Flanagan Ursula Siebert Stephanie Gross Jitender P. Dubey Luís Cardoso Ana Patrícia Lopes Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds
description	<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection has been reported in numerous species of marine mammals, some of them with fatal consequences. A serosurvey for <i>T. gondii</i> infection was conducted in pinnipeds from an oceanographic park in Portugal (<i>n</i> = 60); stranded pinnipeds on the Portuguese coast (<i>n</i> = 10); and pinnipeds captured in Lorenzensplate, Germany (<i>n</i> = 99). Sera from 169 pinnipeds were tested for the presence of antibodies to <i>T. gondii</i> by the modified agglutination test with a cut-off titre of 25. An overall seroprevalence of 8.9% (95% confidence interval: 5.1–14.2) was observed. Antibody titres of 25, 50, 100, 1600 and ≥3200 were found in five (33.3%), two (13.3%), five (33.3%), one (6.7%) and two (13.3%) animals, respectively. Pinnipeds under human care had a seroprevalence of 20.0% (12/60), in contrast to 2.8% (3/109) in wild pinnipeds (<i>p</i> < 0.001). General results suggest a low exposure of wild pinnipeds to <i>T. gondii</i>, while the seroprevalence found in pinnipeds under human care highlights the importance of carrying out further studies. This is the first serological survey of <i>T. gondii</i> in pinnipeds in Portugal and the first infection report in South African fur seal (<i>Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus</i>).
format	article
author	Micaela Martins Nuno Urbani Carla Flanagan Ursula Siebert Stephanie Gross Jitender P. Dubey Luís Cardoso Ana Patrícia Lopes
author_facet	Micaela Martins Nuno Urbani Carla Flanagan Ursula Siebert Stephanie Gross Jitender P. Dubey Luís Cardoso Ana Patrícia Lopes
author_sort	Micaela Martins
title	Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds
title_short	Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds
title_full	Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds
title_fullStr	Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds
title_full_unstemmed	Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds
title_sort	seroprevalence of <i>toxoplasma gondii</i> in pinnipeds under human care and in wild pinnipeds
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bab017edb70c47139a3a7a61460340a0
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Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Pinnipeds under Human Care and in Wild Pinnipeds

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