Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism

<i>Introduction:</i> There is increasing evidence that steroid hormone levels and, especially, androgen levels are elevated in autism. An overactivity of 17, 20-lyase with a higher production of the testosterone precursors dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione/androstenediol...

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Autores principales:	Benedikt A. Gasser, Samuel F. Buerki, Johann Kurz, Markus G. Mohaupt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	extreme male brain theory of autism androgens steroid hormones Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bad54115726d40908c124cd0bfd85872
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bad54115726d40908c124cd0bfd858722021-11-25T17:55:30ZHyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism10.3390/ijms2222123241422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/bad54115726d40908c124cd0bfd858722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12324https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067<i>Introduction:</i> There is increasing evidence that steroid hormone levels and, especially, androgen levels are elevated in autism. An overactivity of 17, 20-lyase with a higher production of the testosterone precursors dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione/androstenediol seems especially present in autism. <i>Methods:</i> An encompassing literature analysis was performed, searching for altered androgens in children with autism and using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Included were all studies published before 31 March 2021 found using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and TRIP. Eight studies with boys and three studies with girls where steroid hormone measurements were performed from either plasma, urine, or saliva were found and analyzed. Analyses were performed for DHEA(-S/-C), androstenedione/androstenediol, and testosterone. Effect sizes were calculated for each parameter between mean concentrations for children with autism versus healthy controls. <i>Results:</i> Higher levels of androgens in autism were detected, with the majority of calculated effect sizes being larger than one. <i>Conclusions:</i> We found higher levels of the main testosterone precursors DHEA, androstenedione, and androstenediol, likely causing an additionally higher level of testosterone, and an increased 17, 20-lyase activity is therefore implied. Medications already used in PCOS such as metformin might be considered to treat hyperandrogenism in autism following further research.Benedikt A. GasserSamuel F. BuerkiJohann KurzMarkus G. MohauptMDPI AGarticleextreme male brain theory of autismandrogenssteroid hormonesBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12324, p 12324 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	extreme male brain theory of autism androgens steroid hormones Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	extreme male brain theory of autism androgens steroid hormones Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Benedikt A. Gasser Samuel F. Buerki Johann Kurz Markus G. Mohaupt Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism
description	<i>Introduction:</i> There is increasing evidence that steroid hormone levels and, especially, androgen levels are elevated in autism. An overactivity of 17, 20-lyase with a higher production of the testosterone precursors dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione/androstenediol seems especially present in autism. <i>Methods:</i> An encompassing literature analysis was performed, searching for altered androgens in children with autism and using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Included were all studies published before 31 March 2021 found using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and TRIP. Eight studies with boys and three studies with girls where steroid hormone measurements were performed from either plasma, urine, or saliva were found and analyzed. Analyses were performed for DHEA(-S/-C), androstenedione/androstenediol, and testosterone. Effect sizes were calculated for each parameter between mean concentrations for children with autism versus healthy controls. <i>Results:</i> Higher levels of androgens in autism were detected, with the majority of calculated effect sizes being larger than one. <i>Conclusions:</i> We found higher levels of the main testosterone precursors DHEA, androstenedione, and androstenediol, likely causing an additionally higher level of testosterone, and an increased 17, 20-lyase activity is therefore implied. Medications already used in PCOS such as metformin might be considered to treat hyperandrogenism in autism following further research.
format	article
author	Benedikt A. Gasser Samuel F. Buerki Johann Kurz Markus G. Mohaupt
author_facet	Benedikt A. Gasser Samuel F. Buerki Johann Kurz Markus G. Mohaupt
author_sort	Benedikt A. Gasser
title	Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism
title_short	Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism
title_full	Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism
title_fullStr	Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism
title_full_unstemmed	Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism
title_sort	hyperandrogenism? increased 17, 20-lyase activity? a metanalysis and systematic review of altered androgens in boys and girls with autism
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bad54115726d40908c124cd0bfd85872
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Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism

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