Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.

Microbial communities can augment host immune responses and probiotic therapies are under development to prevent or treat diseases of humans, crops, livestock, and wildlife including an emerging fungal disease of amphibians, chytridiomycosis. However, little is known about the stability of host-asso...

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Autores principales:	Denise Küng, Laurent Bigler, Leyla R Davis, Brian Gratwicke, Edgardo Griffith, Douglas C Woodhams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/badf098a2ccb47848af2d3df3cf8f119
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:badf098a2ccb47848af2d3df3cf8f1192021-11-18T08:35:05ZStability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0087101https://doaj.org/article/badf098a2ccb47848af2d3df3cf8f1192014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24489847/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Microbial communities can augment host immune responses and probiotic therapies are under development to prevent or treat diseases of humans, crops, livestock, and wildlife including an emerging fungal disease of amphibians, chytridiomycosis. However, little is known about the stability of host-associated microbiota, or how the microbiota is structured by innate immune factors including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) abundant in the skin secretions of many amphibians. Thus, conservation medicine including therapies targeting the skin will benefit from investigations of amphibian microbial ecology that provide a model for vertebrate host-symbiont interactions on mucosal surfaces. Here, we tested whether the cutaneous microbiota of Panamanian rocket frogs, Colostethus panamansis, was resistant to colonization or altered by treatment. Under semi-natural outdoor mesocosm conditions in Panama, we exposed frogs to one of three treatments including: (1) probiotic - the potentially beneficial bacterium Lysinibacillus fusiformis, (2) transplant - skin washes from the chytridiomycosis-resistant glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon, and (3) control - sterile water. Microbial assemblages were analyzed by a culture-independent T-RFLP analysis. We found that skin microbiota of C. panamansis was resistant to colonization and did not differ among treatments, but shifted through time in the mesocosms. We describe regulation of host AMPs that may function to maintain microbial community stability. Colonization resistance was metabolically costly and microbe-treated frogs lost 7-12% of body mass. The discovery of strong colonization resistance of skin microbiota suggests a well-regulated, rather than dynamic, host-symbiont relationship, and suggests that probiotic therapies aiming to enhance host immunity may require an approach that circumvents host mechanisms maintaining equilibrium in microbial communities.Denise KüngLaurent BiglerLeyla R DavisBrian GratwickeEdgardo GriffithDouglas C WoodhamsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e87101 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Denise Küng Laurent Bigler Leyla R Davis Brian Gratwicke Edgardo Griffith Douglas C Woodhams Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
description	Microbial communities can augment host immune responses and probiotic therapies are under development to prevent or treat diseases of humans, crops, livestock, and wildlife including an emerging fungal disease of amphibians, chytridiomycosis. However, little is known about the stability of host-associated microbiota, or how the microbiota is structured by innate immune factors including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) abundant in the skin secretions of many amphibians. Thus, conservation medicine including therapies targeting the skin will benefit from investigations of amphibian microbial ecology that provide a model for vertebrate host-symbiont interactions on mucosal surfaces. Here, we tested whether the cutaneous microbiota of Panamanian rocket frogs, Colostethus panamansis, was resistant to colonization or altered by treatment. Under semi-natural outdoor mesocosm conditions in Panama, we exposed frogs to one of three treatments including: (1) probiotic - the potentially beneficial bacterium Lysinibacillus fusiformis, (2) transplant - skin washes from the chytridiomycosis-resistant glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon, and (3) control - sterile water. Microbial assemblages were analyzed by a culture-independent T-RFLP analysis. We found that skin microbiota of C. panamansis was resistant to colonization and did not differ among treatments, but shifted through time in the mesocosms. We describe regulation of host AMPs that may function to maintain microbial community stability. Colonization resistance was metabolically costly and microbe-treated frogs lost 7-12% of body mass. The discovery of strong colonization resistance of skin microbiota suggests a well-regulated, rather than dynamic, host-symbiont relationship, and suggests that probiotic therapies aiming to enhance host immunity may require an approach that circumvents host mechanisms maintaining equilibrium in microbial communities.
format	article
author	Denise Küng Laurent Bigler Leyla R Davis Brian Gratwicke Edgardo Griffith Douglas C Woodhams
author_facet	Denise Küng Laurent Bigler Leyla R Davis Brian Gratwicke Edgardo Griffith Douglas C Woodhams
author_sort	Denise Küng
title	Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
title_short	Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
title_full	Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
title_fullStr	Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
title_full_unstemmed	Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
title_sort	stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/badf098a2ccb47848af2d3df3cf8f119
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Stability of microbiota facilitated by host immune regulation: informing probiotic strategies to manage amphibian disease.

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