A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>

ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems are one of the most widespread phage resistance mechanisms in prokaryotes. Our lab recently identified the first examples of phage-borne anti-CRISPR genes that encode protein inhibitors of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A key question arising fr...

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Autores principales:	April Pawluk, Joseph Bondy-Denomy, Vivian H. W. Cheung, Karen L. Maxwell, Alan R. Davidson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/badfe9859dfb46748ca74163cb34e8d8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:badfe9859dfb46748ca74163cb34e8d82021-11-15T15:45:12ZA New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>10.1128/mBio.00896-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/badfe9859dfb46748ca74163cb34e8d82014-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00896-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems are one of the most widespread phage resistance mechanisms in prokaryotes. Our lab recently identified the first examples of phage-borne anti-CRISPR genes that encode protein inhibitors of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A key question arising from this work was whether there are other types of anti-CRISPR genes. In the current work, we address this question by demonstrating that some of the same phages carrying type I-F anti-CRISPR genes also possess genes that mediate inhibition of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system of P. aeruginosa. We have discovered four distinct families of these type I-E anti-CRISPR genes. These genes do not inhibit the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system of P. aeruginosa or the type I-E system of Escherichia coli. Type I-E and I-F anti-CRISPR genes are located at the same position in the genomes of a large group of related P. aeruginosa phages, yet they are found in a variety of combinations and arrangements. We have also identified functional anti-CRISPR genes within nonprophage Pseudomonas genomic regions that are likely mobile genetic elements. This work emphasizes the potential importance of anti-CRISPR genes in phage evolution and lateral gene transfer and supports the hypothesis that more undiscovered families of anti-CRISPR genes exist. Finally, we provide the first demonstration that the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system of P. aeruginosa is naturally active without genetic manipulation, which contrasts with E. coli and other previously characterized I-E systems. IMPORTANCE The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune system possessed by the majority of prokaryotic organisms to combat potentially harmful foreign genetic elements. This study reports the discovery of bacteriophage-encoded anti-CRISPR genes that mediate inhibition of a well-studied subtype of CRISPR-Cas system. The four families of anti-CRISPR genes described here, which comprise only the second group of anti-CRISPR genes to be identified, encode small proteins that bear no sequence similarity to previously studied phage or bacterial proteins. Anti-CRISPR genes represent a newly discovered and intriguing facet of the ongoing evolutionary competition between phages and their bacterial hosts.April PawlukJoseph Bondy-DenomyVivian H. W. CheungKaren L. MaxwellAlan R. DavidsonAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 April Pawluk Joseph Bondy-Denomy Vivian H. W. Cheung Karen L. Maxwell Alan R. Davidson A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems are one of the most widespread phage resistance mechanisms in prokaryotes. Our lab recently identified the first examples of phage-borne anti-CRISPR genes that encode protein inhibitors of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A key question arising from this work was whether there are other types of anti-CRISPR genes. In the current work, we address this question by demonstrating that some of the same phages carrying type I-F anti-CRISPR genes also possess genes that mediate inhibition of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system of P. aeruginosa. We have discovered four distinct families of these type I-E anti-CRISPR genes. These genes do not inhibit the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system of P. aeruginosa or the type I-E system of Escherichia coli. Type I-E and I-F anti-CRISPR genes are located at the same position in the genomes of a large group of related P. aeruginosa phages, yet they are found in a variety of combinations and arrangements. We have also identified functional anti-CRISPR genes within nonprophage Pseudomonas genomic regions that are likely mobile genetic elements. This work emphasizes the potential importance of anti-CRISPR genes in phage evolution and lateral gene transfer and supports the hypothesis that more undiscovered families of anti-CRISPR genes exist. Finally, we provide the first demonstration that the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system of P. aeruginosa is naturally active without genetic manipulation, which contrasts with E. coli and other previously characterized I-E systems. IMPORTANCE The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune system possessed by the majority of prokaryotic organisms to combat potentially harmful foreign genetic elements. This study reports the discovery of bacteriophage-encoded anti-CRISPR genes that mediate inhibition of a well-studied subtype of CRISPR-Cas system. The four families of anti-CRISPR genes described here, which comprise only the second group of anti-CRISPR genes to be identified, encode small proteins that bear no sequence similarity to previously studied phage or bacterial proteins. Anti-CRISPR genes represent a newly discovered and intriguing facet of the ongoing evolutionary competition between phages and their bacterial hosts.
format	article
author	April Pawluk Joseph Bondy-Denomy Vivian H. W. Cheung Karen L. Maxwell Alan R. Davidson
author_facet	April Pawluk Joseph Bondy-Denomy Vivian H. W. Cheung Karen L. Maxwell Alan R. Davidson
author_sort	April Pawluk
title	A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_short	A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_full	A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_fullStr	A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_sort	new group of phage anti-crispr genes inhibits the type i-e crispr-cas system of <named-content content-type="genus-species">pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/badfe9859dfb46748ca74163cb34e8d8
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A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>

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