Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study

Abstract Background Antenatal care and skilled childbirth services are important interventions to improve maternal health and lower the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and mortality. A growing body of literature has shown that geographic distance to clinics can be a disincentive towards seeking care...

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Autores principales:	Eric Steinbrook, Myo Chit Min, Ladda Kajeechiwa, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Moo Kho Paw, Mu Paw Jay Pimanpanarak, Woranit Hiranloetthanyakit, Aung Myat Min, Nay Win Tun, Mary Ellen Gilder, François Nosten, Rose McGready, Daniel M. Parker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Pregnancy Prenatal care Maternal health Malaria Healthcare delivery Access to care Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/baea5a478828435bb5f4cd8a2976c9e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:baea5a478828435bb5f4cd8a2976c9e62021-12-05T12:20:41ZDistance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study10.1186/s12884-021-04276-51471-2393https://doaj.org/article/baea5a478828435bb5f4cd8a2976c9e62021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04276-5https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2393Abstract Background Antenatal care and skilled childbirth services are important interventions to improve maternal health and lower the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and mortality. A growing body of literature has shown that geographic distance to clinics can be a disincentive towards seeking care during pregnancy. On the Thailand-Myanmar border antenatal clinics serving migrant populations have found high rates of loss to follow-up of 17.4%, but decades of civil conflict have made the underlying factors difficult to investigate. Here we perform a comprehensive study examining the geographic, demographic, and health-related factors contributing to loss to follow-up. Methods Using patient records we conducted a spatial and epidemiological analysis looking for predictors of loss to follow-up and pregnancy outcomes between 2007 and 2015. We used multivariable negative binomial regressions to assess for associations between distance travelled to the clinic and birth outcomes (loss to follow-up, pregnancy complications, and time of first presentation for antenatal care.) Results We found distance travelled to clinic strongly predicts loss to follow-up, miscarriage, malaria infections in pregnancy, and presentation for antenatal care after the first trimester. People lost to follow-up travelled 50% farther than people who had a normal singleton childbirth (a ratio of distances (DR) 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4 – 1.5). People with pregnancies complicated by miscarriage travelled 20% farther than those who did not have miscarriages (DR: 1.2; CI 1.1–1.3), and those with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy travelled 60% farther than those without P. falciparum (DR: 1.6; CI: 1.6 – 1.8). People who delayed antenatal care until the third trimester travelled 50% farther compared to people who attended in the first trimester (DR: 1.5; CI: 1.4 – 1.5). Conclusions This analysis provides the first evidence of the complex impact of geography on access to antenatal services and pregnancy outcomes in the rural, remote, and politically complex Thailand-Myanmar border region. These findings can be used to help guide evidence-based interventions to increase uptake of maternal healthcare both in the Thailand-Myanmar region and in other rural, remote, and politically complicated environments.Eric SteinbrookMyo Chit MinLadda KajeechiwaJacher WiladphaingernMoo Kho PawMu Paw Jay PimanpanarakWoranit HiranloetthanyakitAung Myat MinNay Win TunMary Ellen GilderFrançois NostenRose McGreadyDaniel M. ParkerBMCarticlePregnancyPrenatal careMaternal healthMalariaHealthcare deliveryAccess to careGynecology and obstetricsRG1-991ENBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pregnancy Prenatal care Maternal health Malaria Healthcare delivery Access to care Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991
spellingShingle	Pregnancy Prenatal care Maternal health Malaria Healthcare delivery Access to care Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Eric Steinbrook Myo Chit Min Ladda Kajeechiwa Jacher Wiladphaingern Moo Kho Paw Mu Paw Jay Pimanpanarak Woranit Hiranloetthanyakit Aung Myat Min Nay Win Tun Mary Ellen Gilder François Nosten Rose McGready Daniel M. Parker Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
description	Abstract Background Antenatal care and skilled childbirth services are important interventions to improve maternal health and lower the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and mortality. A growing body of literature has shown that geographic distance to clinics can be a disincentive towards seeking care during pregnancy. On the Thailand-Myanmar border antenatal clinics serving migrant populations have found high rates of loss to follow-up of 17.4%, but decades of civil conflict have made the underlying factors difficult to investigate. Here we perform a comprehensive study examining the geographic, demographic, and health-related factors contributing to loss to follow-up. Methods Using patient records we conducted a spatial and epidemiological analysis looking for predictors of loss to follow-up and pregnancy outcomes between 2007 and 2015. We used multivariable negative binomial regressions to assess for associations between distance travelled to the clinic and birth outcomes (loss to follow-up, pregnancy complications, and time of first presentation for antenatal care.) Results We found distance travelled to clinic strongly predicts loss to follow-up, miscarriage, malaria infections in pregnancy, and presentation for antenatal care after the first trimester. People lost to follow-up travelled 50% farther than people who had a normal singleton childbirth (a ratio of distances (DR) 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4 – 1.5). People with pregnancies complicated by miscarriage travelled 20% farther than those who did not have miscarriages (DR: 1.2; CI 1.1–1.3), and those with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy travelled 60% farther than those without P. falciparum (DR: 1.6; CI: 1.6 – 1.8). People who delayed antenatal care until the third trimester travelled 50% farther compared to people who attended in the first trimester (DR: 1.5; CI: 1.4 – 1.5). Conclusions This analysis provides the first evidence of the complex impact of geography on access to antenatal services and pregnancy outcomes in the rural, remote, and politically complex Thailand-Myanmar border region. These findings can be used to help guide evidence-based interventions to increase uptake of maternal healthcare both in the Thailand-Myanmar region and in other rural, remote, and politically complicated environments.
format	article
author	Eric Steinbrook Myo Chit Min Ladda Kajeechiwa Jacher Wiladphaingern Moo Kho Paw Mu Paw Jay Pimanpanarak Woranit Hiranloetthanyakit Aung Myat Min Nay Win Tun Mary Ellen Gilder François Nosten Rose McGready Daniel M. Parker
author_facet	Eric Steinbrook Myo Chit Min Ladda Kajeechiwa Jacher Wiladphaingern Moo Kho Paw Mu Paw Jay Pimanpanarak Woranit Hiranloetthanyakit Aung Myat Min Nay Win Tun Mary Ellen Gilder François Nosten Rose McGready Daniel M. Parker
author_sort	Eric Steinbrook
title	Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
title_short	Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
title_full	Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
title_fullStr	Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
title_full_unstemmed	Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
title_sort	distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the thailand-myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/baea5a478828435bb5f4cd8a2976c9e6
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Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007 to 2015, a pregnancy cohort study

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