Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation

Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupa...

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Autores principales:	Joandro Pandilha, José Júlio de Toledo, Luis Cláudio Fernandes Barbosa, William Douglas Carvalho, Jackson Cleiton de Sousa, José Maria Cardoso da Silva
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	PeerJ Inc. 2021
Materias:	Amazon Riparian forests Ecology Communities Biogeography Landscape ecology Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/baf65b6a961f4e6689c23c154f6e8239
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:baf65b6a961f4e6689c23c154f6e82392021-12-03T15:05:07ZComposition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation10.7717/peerj.125292167-8359https://doaj.org/article/baf65b6a961f4e6689c23c154f6e82392021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://peerj.com/articles/12529.pdfhttps://peerj.com/articles/12529/https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupancy of forest species within a savanna landscape, (2) habitat structures influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of forest assemblages, and (3) less diverse gallery forest assemblages are a nested subset of more diverse assemblages living near continuous forests. Then, we propose strategies on how gallery forests can be managed to maintain their species assemblages amidst the fast expansion of human activities across tropical savanna landscapes. We studied 26 sites of gallery forests in an Amazonian savanna landscape and found that: (1) habitat specificity is the only functional trait that predicts species abundance and occupancy across a landscape; (2) phylogenetic diversity is negatively correlated with understory foliage density; (3) the percentage of forests and savannas around sites is positively correlated with both phylogenetic and functional diversity; (4) increasing human activities around gallery forest negatively influences taxonomic and functional diversity; and (5) forest bird assemblages are not distributed at random across the landscape but show a nested pattern caused by selective colonization mediated by habitat filtering. Our combined findings have three implications for the design of conservation strategies for gallery forest bird assemblages. First, maintaining the connectivity between gallery forests and adjacent continuous forests is essential because gallery forest bird assemblages are derived from continuous forest species assemblages. Second, because most species use the savanna matrix to move across the landscape, effectively managing the savanna matrices where gallery forests are embedded is as important to maintaining viable populations of forest bird species as managing the gallery forest themselves. Third, in savanna landscapes planned to be used for agriculture production, protecting gallery forests alone is not enough. Instead, gallery forests should be protected with surrounding savanna buffers to avoid the detrimental effects (edge effects and isolation) of human activities on their biodiversity.Joandro PandilhaJosé Júlio de ToledoLuis Cláudio Fernandes BarbosaWilliam Douglas CarvalhoJackson Cleiton de SousaJosé Maria Cardoso da SilvaPeerJ Inc.articleAmazonRiparian forestsEcologyCommunitiesBiogeographyLandscape ecologyMedicineRENPeerJ, Vol 9, p e12529 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Amazon Riparian forests Ecology Communities Biogeography Landscape ecology Medicine R
spellingShingle	Amazon Riparian forests Ecology Communities Biogeography Landscape ecology Medicine R Joandro Pandilha José Júlio de Toledo Luis Cláudio Fernandes Barbosa William Douglas Carvalho Jackson Cleiton de Sousa José Maria Cardoso da Silva Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
description	Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupancy of forest species within a savanna landscape, (2) habitat structures influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of forest assemblages, and (3) less diverse gallery forest assemblages are a nested subset of more diverse assemblages living near continuous forests. Then, we propose strategies on how gallery forests can be managed to maintain their species assemblages amidst the fast expansion of human activities across tropical savanna landscapes. We studied 26 sites of gallery forests in an Amazonian savanna landscape and found that: (1) habitat specificity is the only functional trait that predicts species abundance and occupancy across a landscape; (2) phylogenetic diversity is negatively correlated with understory foliage density; (3) the percentage of forests and savannas around sites is positively correlated with both phylogenetic and functional diversity; (4) increasing human activities around gallery forest negatively influences taxonomic and functional diversity; and (5) forest bird assemblages are not distributed at random across the landscape but show a nested pattern caused by selective colonization mediated by habitat filtering. Our combined findings have three implications for the design of conservation strategies for gallery forest bird assemblages. First, maintaining the connectivity between gallery forests and adjacent continuous forests is essential because gallery forest bird assemblages are derived from continuous forest species assemblages. Second, because most species use the savanna matrix to move across the landscape, effectively managing the savanna matrices where gallery forests are embedded is as important to maintaining viable populations of forest bird species as managing the gallery forest themselves. Third, in savanna landscapes planned to be used for agriculture production, protecting gallery forests alone is not enough. Instead, gallery forests should be protected with surrounding savanna buffers to avoid the detrimental effects (edge effects and isolation) of human activities on their biodiversity.
format	article
author	Joandro Pandilha José Júlio de Toledo Luis Cláudio Fernandes Barbosa William Douglas Carvalho Jackson Cleiton de Sousa José Maria Cardoso da Silva
author_facet	Joandro Pandilha José Júlio de Toledo Luis Cláudio Fernandes Barbosa William Douglas Carvalho Jackson Cleiton de Sousa José Maria Cardoso da Silva
author_sort	Joandro Pandilha
title	Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
title_short	Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
title_full	Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
title_fullStr	Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
title_full_unstemmed	Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
title_sort	composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
publisher	PeerJ Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/baf65b6a961f4e6689c23c154f6e8239
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Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation

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