Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.

The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, in sites where it has recently been found, th...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Timothy Y James, Anastasia P Litvintseva, Rytas Vilgalys, Jess A T Morgan, John W Taylor, Matthew C Fisher, Lee Berger, Ché Weldon, Louis du Preez, Joyce E Longcore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bafd597ec7674287897c126aef0495c7
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:bafd597ec7674287897c126aef0495c7
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bafd597ec7674287897c126aef0495c72021-11-25T05:47:53ZRapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000458https://doaj.org/article/bafd597ec7674287897c126aef0495c72009-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19478871/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, in sites where it has recently been found, the pathogen was introduced or is endemic. In this study, we addressed the molecular population genetics of a global collection of fungal strains from both declining and healthy amphibian populations using DNA sequence variation from 17 nuclear loci and a large fragment from the mitochondrial genome. We found a low rate of DNA polymorphism, with only two sequence alleles detected at each locus, but a high diversity of diploid genotypes. Half of the loci displayed an excess of heterozygous genotypes, consistent with a primarily clonal mode of reproduction. Despite the absence of obvious sex, genotypic diversity was high (44 unique genotypes out of 59 strains). We provide evidence that the observed genotypic variation can be generated by loss of heterozygosity through mitotic recombination. One strain isolated from a bullfrog possessed as much allelic diversity as the entire global sample, suggesting the current epidemic can be traced back to the outbreak of a single clonal lineage. These data are consistent with the current chytridiomycosis epidemic resulting from a novel pathogen undergoing a rapid and recent range expansion. The widespread occurrence of the same lineage in both healthy and declining populations suggests that the outcome of the disease is contingent on environmental factors and host resistance.Timothy Y JamesAnastasia P LitvintsevaRytas VilgalysJess A T MorganJohn W TaylorMatthew C FisherLee BergerChé WeldonLouis du PreezJoyce E LongcorePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1000458 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Timothy Y James Anastasia P Litvintseva Rytas Vilgalys Jess A T Morgan John W Taylor Matthew C Fisher Lee Berger Ché Weldon Louis du Preez Joyce E Longcore Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
description	The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, in sites where it has recently been found, the pathogen was introduced or is endemic. In this study, we addressed the molecular population genetics of a global collection of fungal strains from both declining and healthy amphibian populations using DNA sequence variation from 17 nuclear loci and a large fragment from the mitochondrial genome. We found a low rate of DNA polymorphism, with only two sequence alleles detected at each locus, but a high diversity of diploid genotypes. Half of the loci displayed an excess of heterozygous genotypes, consistent with a primarily clonal mode of reproduction. Despite the absence of obvious sex, genotypic diversity was high (44 unique genotypes out of 59 strains). We provide evidence that the observed genotypic variation can be generated by loss of heterozygosity through mitotic recombination. One strain isolated from a bullfrog possessed as much allelic diversity as the entire global sample, suggesting the current epidemic can be traced back to the outbreak of a single clonal lineage. These data are consistent with the current chytridiomycosis epidemic resulting from a novel pathogen undergoing a rapid and recent range expansion. The widespread occurrence of the same lineage in both healthy and declining populations suggests that the outcome of the disease is contingent on environmental factors and host resistance.
format	article
author	Timothy Y James Anastasia P Litvintseva Rytas Vilgalys Jess A T Morgan John W Taylor Matthew C Fisher Lee Berger Ché Weldon Louis du Preez Joyce E Longcore
author_facet	Timothy Y James Anastasia P Litvintseva Rytas Vilgalys Jess A T Morgan John W Taylor Matthew C Fisher Lee Berger Ché Weldon Louis du Preez Joyce E Longcore
author_sort	Timothy Y James
title	Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
title_short	Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
title_full	Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
title_fullStr	Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
title_full_unstemmed	Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
title_sort	rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/bafd597ec7674287897c126aef0495c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT timothyyjames rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT anastasiaplitvintseva rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT rytasvilgalys rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT jessatmorgan rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT johnwtaylor rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT matthewcfisher rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT leeberger rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT cheweldon rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT louisdupreez rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations AT joyceelongcore rapidglobalexpansionofthefungaldiseasechytridiomycosisintodecliningandhealthyamphibianpopulations
_version_	1718414480196501504

Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.

Ejemplares similares