Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain

Modification of starches in high-energy feeds using various treatment methods led to the diverse effects on ruminal degradation and bypass protein and starch. Thus, the objectives of the present experiment were to investigate the effects of modification methods applied to high-starch energy feed so...

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Autores principales:	W. Srakaew, C. Wachirapakorn, A. Cherdthong, C. Wongnen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IPB University 2021
Materias:	cassava chips corn grain bypass starch steam treatment NaOH treatment Animal culture SF1-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb2a82d9f19b4336b4ebb961016ce96e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb2a82d9f19b4336b4ebb961016ce96e2021-11-15T23:17:15ZRuminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain10.5398/tasj.2021.44.4.4512615-787X2615-790Xhttps://doaj.org/article/bb2a82d9f19b4336b4ebb961016ce96e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/tasj/article/view/34732https://doaj.org/toc/2615-787Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2615-790X Modification of starches in high-energy feeds using various treatment methods led to the diverse effects on ruminal degradation and bypass protein and starch. Thus, the objectives of the present experiment were to investigate the effects of modification methods applied to high-starch energy feed sources on ruminal degradability and bypass nutrients determined using in situ and in vitro gas production techniques. This experiment was designed using a 2×4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was high-starch energy feed consisted of two levels, i.e., corn grain and cassava chips. The second factor was the treating method consisted of four levels, i.e., no treatment, steam treatment, NaOH treatment, and steam with NaOH treatment. Chemical composition, ruminal in situ disappearance, bypass of crude protein (CP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and gas production characteristics were measured in pre-treated and post-treated samples. The results showed that significant interactions (p<0.01) between high-starch energy feed sources and treating methods were observed with respect to CP, ether extract (EE), and NFC, dry matter degradability (DMD), effective degradation (ED), and effective gas production (EP). Cassava chips had lower CP and EE but higher NFC, DMD, ED, and EP (p<0.01) compared with corn grain. Treating methods have no influence on CP and EE (p>0.05) in cassava chips and corn grain. DMD, ED, and EP of treated cassava chips were lower, while bypass CP and bypass NFC of treated cassava chips were higher than untreated cassava chips (p<0.05). On the contrary, treated corn grain led to higher DMD, ED, and EP, but lower bypass CP and bypass NFC than untreated corn grain did (p<0.01). DMD and gas production characteristics in cassava chips and corn grain showed significant correlations between in situ nylon bags and in vitro gas production techniques within each high-starch energy feed source. In conclusion, steam and NaOH treatments are two alternative methods that can modify the starches of high-starch energy feeds to alter ruminal degradation by decreasing solubility and degradability in cassava chips but increasing degradability in corn grain. W. SrakaewC. WachirapakornA. CherdthongC. WongnenIPB Universityarticlecassava chipscorn grainbypass starchsteam treatmentNaOH treatmentAnimal cultureSF1-1100ENTropical Animal Science Journal, Vol 44, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cassava chips corn grain bypass starch steam treatment NaOH treatment Animal culture SF1-1100
spellingShingle	cassava chips corn grain bypass starch steam treatment NaOH treatment Animal culture SF1-1100 W. Srakaew C. Wachirapakorn A. Cherdthong C. Wongnen Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain
description	Modification of starches in high-energy feeds using various treatment methods led to the diverse effects on ruminal degradation and bypass protein and starch. Thus, the objectives of the present experiment were to investigate the effects of modification methods applied to high-starch energy feed sources on ruminal degradability and bypass nutrients determined using in situ and in vitro gas production techniques. This experiment was designed using a 2×4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was high-starch energy feed consisted of two levels, i.e., corn grain and cassava chips. The second factor was the treating method consisted of four levels, i.e., no treatment, steam treatment, NaOH treatment, and steam with NaOH treatment. Chemical composition, ruminal in situ disappearance, bypass of crude protein (CP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and gas production characteristics were measured in pre-treated and post-treated samples. The results showed that significant interactions (p<0.01) between high-starch energy feed sources and treating methods were observed with respect to CP, ether extract (EE), and NFC, dry matter degradability (DMD), effective degradation (ED), and effective gas production (EP). Cassava chips had lower CP and EE but higher NFC, DMD, ED, and EP (p<0.01) compared with corn grain. Treating methods have no influence on CP and EE (p>0.05) in cassava chips and corn grain. DMD, ED, and EP of treated cassava chips were lower, while bypass CP and bypass NFC of treated cassava chips were higher than untreated cassava chips (p<0.05). On the contrary, treated corn grain led to higher DMD, ED, and EP, but lower bypass CP and bypass NFC than untreated corn grain did (p<0.01). DMD and gas production characteristics in cassava chips and corn grain showed significant correlations between in situ nylon bags and in vitro gas production techniques within each high-starch energy feed source. In conclusion, steam and NaOH treatments are two alternative methods that can modify the starches of high-starch energy feeds to alter ruminal degradation by decreasing solubility and degradability in cassava chips but increasing degradability in corn grain.
format	article
author	W. Srakaew C. Wachirapakorn A. Cherdthong C. Wongnen
author_facet	W. Srakaew C. Wachirapakorn A. Cherdthong C. Wongnen
author_sort	W. Srakaew
title	Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain
title_short	Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain
title_full	Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain
title_fullStr	Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain
title_full_unstemmed	Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain
title_sort	ruminal degradability and bypass nutrients of alkaline or steam-treated cassava chip and corn grain
publisher	IPB University
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb2a82d9f19b4336b4ebb961016ce96e
work_keys_str_mv	AT wsrakaew ruminaldegradabilityandbypassnutrientsofalkalineorsteamtreatedcassavachipandcorngrain AT cwachirapakorn ruminaldegradabilityandbypassnutrientsofalkalineorsteamtreatedcassavachipandcorngrain AT acherdthong ruminaldegradabilityandbypassnutrientsofalkalineorsteamtreatedcassavachipandcorngrain AT cwongnen ruminaldegradabilityandbypassnutrientsofalkalineorsteamtreatedcassavachipandcorngrain
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Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain

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