A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy

Abstract Mural paintings in the hypogeal environment of the Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy, show a quite dramatic condition: the plaster mortar lost his cohesion and a white layer coating is spread over almost all the wall surfaces. The aim of this research is to verify if the activity of mic...

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Autores principales:	Maria Cristina Tomassetti, Angela Cirigliano, Chiara Arrighi, Rodolfo Negri, Francesco Mura, Maria Lorella Maneschi, Maria Donatella Gentili, Mariarita Stirpe, Cristina Mazzoni, Teresa Rinaldi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb35416d2e4048dd99706beb23bc82c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb35416d2e4048dd99706beb23bc82c42021-12-02T11:41:21ZA role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy10.1038/s41598-017-06169-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bb35416d2e4048dd99706beb23bc82c42017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06169-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Mural paintings in the hypogeal environment of the Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy, show a quite dramatic condition: the plaster mortar lost his cohesion and a white layer coating is spread over almost all the wall surfaces. The aim of this research is to verify if the activity of microorganisms could be one of the main causes of deterioration and if the adopted countermeasures (conventional biocide treatments) are sufficient to stop it. A biocide treatment of the whole environment has been carried out before the conservative intervention and the tomb has been closed for one month. When the tomb was opened again, we sampled the microorganisms present on the frescoes and we identified four Bacillus species and one mould survived to the biocide treatment. These organisms are able to produce spores, a highly resistant biological form, which has permitted the survival despite the biocide treatment. We show that these Bacillus strains are able to produce calcium carbonate and could be responsible for the white deposition that was damaging and covering the entire surface of the frescoes. Our results confirm that the sanitation intervention is non always resolutive and could even be deleterious in selecting harmful microbial communities.Maria Cristina TomassettiAngela CiriglianoChiara ArrighiRodolfo NegriFrancesco MuraMaria Lorella ManeschiMaria Donatella GentiliMariarita StirpeCristina MazzoniTeresa RinaldiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maria Cristina Tomassetti Angela Cirigliano Chiara Arrighi Rodolfo Negri Francesco Mura Maria Lorella Maneschi Maria Donatella Gentili Mariarita Stirpe Cristina Mazzoni Teresa Rinaldi A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
description	Abstract Mural paintings in the hypogeal environment of the Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy, show a quite dramatic condition: the plaster mortar lost his cohesion and a white layer coating is spread over almost all the wall surfaces. The aim of this research is to verify if the activity of microorganisms could be one of the main causes of deterioration and if the adopted countermeasures (conventional biocide treatments) are sufficient to stop it. A biocide treatment of the whole environment has been carried out before the conservative intervention and the tomb has been closed for one month. When the tomb was opened again, we sampled the microorganisms present on the frescoes and we identified four Bacillus species and one mould survived to the biocide treatment. These organisms are able to produce spores, a highly resistant biological form, which has permitted the survival despite the biocide treatment. We show that these Bacillus strains are able to produce calcium carbonate and could be responsible for the white deposition that was damaging and covering the entire surface of the frescoes. Our results confirm that the sanitation intervention is non always resolutive and could even be deleterious in selecting harmful microbial communities.
format	article
author	Maria Cristina Tomassetti Angela Cirigliano Chiara Arrighi Rodolfo Negri Francesco Mura Maria Lorella Maneschi Maria Donatella Gentili Mariarita Stirpe Cristina Mazzoni Teresa Rinaldi
author_facet	Maria Cristina Tomassetti Angela Cirigliano Chiara Arrighi Rodolfo Negri Francesco Mura Maria Lorella Maneschi Maria Donatella Gentili Mariarita Stirpe Cristina Mazzoni Teresa Rinaldi
author_sort	Maria Cristina Tomassetti
title	A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
title_short	A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
title_full	A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
title_fullStr	A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
title_full_unstemmed	A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
title_sort	role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in tomba degli scudi in tarquinia, italy
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb35416d2e4048dd99706beb23bc82c4
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A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy

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