An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants

The Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Difference (HLD) model can be described by additive contributions accounting for the effect of the oil and surfactant nature, temperature, ionic strength, and so on. The first step to build an HLD framework for a surfactant class is to have Winsor III phase equilibria in a...

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Autores principales:	Davide Schirone, Giuseppe Tartaro, Luigi Gentile, Gerardo Palazzo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Surfactants Microemulsions Hydrophilic-lipophilic difference Physical and theoretical chemistry QD450-801 Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb438d21314a46f28584bf06e84fdad0
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:bb438d21314a46f28584bf06e84fdad0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb438d21314a46f28584bf06e84fdad02021-11-20T05:15:32ZAn HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants2666-934X10.1016/j.jciso.2021.100033https://doaj.org/article/bb438d21314a46f28584bf06e84fdad02021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666934X21000325https://doaj.org/toc/2666-934XThe Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Difference (HLD) model can be described by additive contributions accounting for the effect of the oil and surfactant nature, temperature, ionic strength, and so on. The first step to build an HLD framework for a surfactant class is to have Winsor III phase equilibria in a restricted range of formulation variables. In this respect, anionic and nonionic surfactants are well suited for an HLD study. On the contrary, it is difficult achieve for pure cationic surfactant Winsor III phase equilibria without the addition of alcohols and this has precluded the extension of the HLD to cationic surfactants.In the present contribution, we first propose a system based on a blend of single-tailed and double-tailed cationic surfactant to study the oil contribution, and then we afforded the determination of the surfactant contribution trough an experimental approach (the “HLD-titration”) that is especially tailored for systems displaying a wide range of existence of Winsor III phase equilibria.HLD-titration results confirmed the ionic strength contribution to HLD as a logarithmic function of salinity for cationic-based microemulsions similarly to anionic ones. However, the oil carbon number contribution is almost four-fold larger (k = 0.7 ± 0.1) with respect to anionic surfactants. A clearing point was observed in correspondence of the Winsor III phase equilibria under stirring. This approach allows us the determination of the so-called characteristic curvature (Cc), i.e. the term describing the surfactant nature contribution to the film curvature, of the cationic surfactant. Finally, the method was adopted to determine Cc values of 7 quaternary ammonium surfactants differing in the polar heads nature and further three amine oxide surfactant at pH = 1 where they are protonated.Davide SchironeGiuseppe TartaroLuigi GentileGerardo PalazzoElsevierarticleSurfactantsMicroemulsionsHydrophilic-lipophilic differencePhysical and theoretical chemistryQD450-801Chemical technologyTP1-1185ENJCIS Open, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100033- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Surfactants Microemulsions Hydrophilic-lipophilic difference Physical and theoretical chemistry QD450-801 Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	Surfactants Microemulsions Hydrophilic-lipophilic difference Physical and theoretical chemistry QD450-801 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Davide Schirone Giuseppe Tartaro Luigi Gentile Gerardo Palazzo An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
description	The Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Difference (HLD) model can be described by additive contributions accounting for the effect of the oil and surfactant nature, temperature, ionic strength, and so on. The first step to build an HLD framework for a surfactant class is to have Winsor III phase equilibria in a restricted range of formulation variables. In this respect, anionic and nonionic surfactants are well suited for an HLD study. On the contrary, it is difficult achieve for pure cationic surfactant Winsor III phase equilibria without the addition of alcohols and this has precluded the extension of the HLD to cationic surfactants.In the present contribution, we first propose a system based on a blend of single-tailed and double-tailed cationic surfactant to study the oil contribution, and then we afforded the determination of the surfactant contribution trough an experimental approach (the “HLD-titration”) that is especially tailored for systems displaying a wide range of existence of Winsor III phase equilibria.HLD-titration results confirmed the ionic strength contribution to HLD as a logarithmic function of salinity for cationic-based microemulsions similarly to anionic ones. However, the oil carbon number contribution is almost four-fold larger (k = 0.7 ± 0.1) with respect to anionic surfactants. A clearing point was observed in correspondence of the Winsor III phase equilibria under stirring. This approach allows us the determination of the so-called characteristic curvature (Cc), i.e. the term describing the surfactant nature contribution to the film curvature, of the cationic surfactant. Finally, the method was adopted to determine Cc values of 7 quaternary ammonium surfactants differing in the polar heads nature and further three amine oxide surfactant at pH = 1 where they are protonated.
format	article
author	Davide Schirone Giuseppe Tartaro Luigi Gentile Gerardo Palazzo
author_facet	Davide Schirone Giuseppe Tartaro Luigi Gentile Gerardo Palazzo
author_sort	Davide Schirone
title	An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
title_short	An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
title_full	An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
title_fullStr	An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
title_full_unstemmed	An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
title_sort	hld framework for cationic ammonium surfactants
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb438d21314a46f28584bf06e84fdad0
work_keys_str_mv	AT davideschirone anhldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT giuseppetartaro anhldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT luigigentile anhldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT gerardopalazzo anhldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT davideschirone hldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT giuseppetartaro hldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT luigigentile hldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants AT gerardopalazzo hldframeworkforcationicammoniumsurfactants
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An HLD framework for cationic ammonium surfactants

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