Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS

Abstract High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) seems to overcome a drawback of traditional bipolar tDCS: the wide-spread diffusion of the electric field. Nevertheless, most of the differences that characterise the two techniques are based on mathematical simulations and n...

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Autores principales:	Fabio Masina, Giorgio Arcara, Eleonora Galletti, Isabella Cinque, Luciano Gamberini, Daniela Mapelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb53e4ae780a476fb7cfea7c7f5293d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb53e4ae780a476fb7cfea7c7f5293d72021-12-02T18:15:25ZNeurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS10.1038/s41598-021-87371-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bb53e4ae780a476fb7cfea7c7f5293d72021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87371-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) seems to overcome a drawback of traditional bipolar tDCS: the wide-spread diffusion of the electric field. Nevertheless, most of the differences that characterise the two techniques are based on mathematical simulations and not on real, behavioural and neurophysiological, data. The study aims to compare a widespread tDCS montage (i.e., a Conventional bipolar montage with extracephalic return electrode) and HD-tDCS, investigating differences both at a behavioural level, in terms of dexterity performance, and a neurophysiological level, as modifications of alpha and beta power as measured with EEG. Thirty participants took part in three sessions, one for each montage: Conventional tDCS, HD-tDCS, and sham. In all the conditions, the anode was placed over C4, while the cathode/s placed according to the montage. At baseline, during, and after each stimulation condition, dexterity was assessed with a Finger Tapping Task. In addition, resting-state EEG was recorded at baseline and after the stimulation. Power spectrum density was calculated, selecting two frequency bands: alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (18–22 Hz). Linear mixed effect models (LMMs) were used to analyse the modulation induced by tDCS. To evaluate differences among the montages and consider state-dependency phenomenon, the post-stimulation measurements were covariate-adjusted for baseline levels. We observed that HD-tDCS induced an alpha power reduction in participants with lower alpha at baseline. Conversely, Conventional tDCS induced a beta power reduction in participants with higher beta at baseline. Furthermore, data showed a trend towards a behavioural effect of HD-tDCS in participants with lower beta at baseline showing faster response times. Conventional and HD-tDCS distinctively modulated cortical activity. The study highlights the importance of considering state-dependency to determine the effects of tDCS on individuals.Fabio MasinaGiorgio ArcaraEleonora GallettiIsabella CinqueLuciano GamberiniDaniela MapelliNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fabio Masina Giorgio Arcara Eleonora Galletti Isabella Cinque Luciano Gamberini Daniela Mapelli Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS
description	Abstract High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) seems to overcome a drawback of traditional bipolar tDCS: the wide-spread diffusion of the electric field. Nevertheless, most of the differences that characterise the two techniques are based on mathematical simulations and not on real, behavioural and neurophysiological, data. The study aims to compare a widespread tDCS montage (i.e., a Conventional bipolar montage with extracephalic return electrode) and HD-tDCS, investigating differences both at a behavioural level, in terms of dexterity performance, and a neurophysiological level, as modifications of alpha and beta power as measured with EEG. Thirty participants took part in three sessions, one for each montage: Conventional tDCS, HD-tDCS, and sham. In all the conditions, the anode was placed over C4, while the cathode/s placed according to the montage. At baseline, during, and after each stimulation condition, dexterity was assessed with a Finger Tapping Task. In addition, resting-state EEG was recorded at baseline and after the stimulation. Power spectrum density was calculated, selecting two frequency bands: alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (18–22 Hz). Linear mixed effect models (LMMs) were used to analyse the modulation induced by tDCS. To evaluate differences among the montages and consider state-dependency phenomenon, the post-stimulation measurements were covariate-adjusted for baseline levels. We observed that HD-tDCS induced an alpha power reduction in participants with lower alpha at baseline. Conversely, Conventional tDCS induced a beta power reduction in participants with higher beta at baseline. Furthermore, data showed a trend towards a behavioural effect of HD-tDCS in participants with lower beta at baseline showing faster response times. Conventional and HD-tDCS distinctively modulated cortical activity. The study highlights the importance of considering state-dependency to determine the effects of tDCS on individuals.
format	article
author	Fabio Masina Giorgio Arcara Eleonora Galletti Isabella Cinque Luciano Gamberini Daniela Mapelli
author_facet	Fabio Masina Giorgio Arcara Eleonora Galletti Isabella Cinque Luciano Gamberini Daniela Mapelli
author_sort	Fabio Masina
title	Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS
title_short	Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS
title_full	Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS
title_fullStr	Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS
title_full_unstemmed	Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS
title_sort	neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tdcs
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb53e4ae780a476fb7cfea7c7f5293d7
work_keys_str_mv	AT fabiomasina neurophysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofconventionalandhighdefinitiontdcs AT giorgioarcara neurophysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofconventionalandhighdefinitiontdcs AT eleonoragalletti neurophysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofconventionalandhighdefinitiontdcs AT isabellacinque neurophysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofconventionalandhighdefinitiontdcs AT lucianogamberini neurophysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofconventionalandhighdefinitiontdcs AT danielamapelli neurophysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofconventionalandhighdefinitiontdcs
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Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS

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