Taste receptors in the upper airway

Taste receptors were named for their originally-identified expression on the tongue and role in the sensation of taste (gustation). They are now known to be involved in many chemosensory processes outside the tongue. Expression of the receptors for bitter, sweet, and umami was recently identified in...

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Autores principales:	Jenna R. Freund, Robert J. Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2018
Materias:	Otorhinolaryngology RF1-547 Surgery RD1-811
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb5757c68ffc41af8f615fbb3ee80671
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb5757c68ffc41af8f615fbb3ee806712021-12-02T14:14:22ZTaste receptors in the upper airway2095-881110.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.004https://doaj.org/article/bb5757c68ffc41af8f615fbb3ee806712018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095881118300167https://doaj.org/toc/2095-8811Taste receptors were named for their originally-identified expression on the tongue and role in the sensation of taste (gustation). They are now known to be involved in many chemosensory processes outside the tongue. Expression of the receptors for bitter, sweet, and umami was recently identified in many organs, including the brain, airway, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive systems. We do not yet know the full roles of these receptors in all of these tissues, nor do we know all of the endogenous ligands that activate them. However, taste receptors are emerging as potentially important therapeutic targets. Moreover, they may mediate some off target effects of drugs, as many medications in common clinical use are known to be bitter. The focus of this review is on recent basic and clinical data describing the expression of bitter (T2R) and sweet (T1R) receptors in the airway and their activation by secreted bacterial compounds. These receptors play important roles in innate immune nitric oxide production and antimicrobial peptide secretion, and may be useful targets for stimulating immune responses in the upper respiratory tract via topical therapies. Moreover, genetic variation in these receptors may play a role in the differential susceptibility of patients to certain types of respiratory infections as well as to differential outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is a syndrome of chronic upper respiratory infection and inflammation and has a significant detrimental impact on patient quality of life. CRS treatment accounts for approximately 20% of adult antibiotic prescriptions and is thus a large driver of the public health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Taste receptors represent a novel class of therapeutic target to potentially stimulate endogenous immune responses and treat CRS patients without conventional antibiotics. Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis, Gustation, Nasal disease, Respiratory infection, Nitric oxide, Antimicrobial peptide, Innate immunity, CiliaJenna R. FreundRobert J. LeeKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.articleOtorhinolaryngologyRF1-547SurgeryRD1-811ENWorld Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 67-76 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Otorhinolaryngology RF1-547 Surgery RD1-811
spellingShingle	Otorhinolaryngology RF1-547 Surgery RD1-811 Jenna R. Freund Robert J. Lee Taste receptors in the upper airway
description	Taste receptors were named for their originally-identified expression on the tongue and role in the sensation of taste (gustation). They are now known to be involved in many chemosensory processes outside the tongue. Expression of the receptors for bitter, sweet, and umami was recently identified in many organs, including the brain, airway, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive systems. We do not yet know the full roles of these receptors in all of these tissues, nor do we know all of the endogenous ligands that activate them. However, taste receptors are emerging as potentially important therapeutic targets. Moreover, they may mediate some off target effects of drugs, as many medications in common clinical use are known to be bitter. The focus of this review is on recent basic and clinical data describing the expression of bitter (T2R) and sweet (T1R) receptors in the airway and their activation by secreted bacterial compounds. These receptors play important roles in innate immune nitric oxide production and antimicrobial peptide secretion, and may be useful targets for stimulating immune responses in the upper respiratory tract via topical therapies. Moreover, genetic variation in these receptors may play a role in the differential susceptibility of patients to certain types of respiratory infections as well as to differential outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is a syndrome of chronic upper respiratory infection and inflammation and has a significant detrimental impact on patient quality of life. CRS treatment accounts for approximately 20% of adult antibiotic prescriptions and is thus a large driver of the public health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Taste receptors represent a novel class of therapeutic target to potentially stimulate endogenous immune responses and treat CRS patients without conventional antibiotics. Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis, Gustation, Nasal disease, Respiratory infection, Nitric oxide, Antimicrobial peptide, Innate immunity, Cilia
format	article
author	Jenna R. Freund Robert J. Lee
author_facet	Jenna R. Freund Robert J. Lee
author_sort	Jenna R. Freund
title	Taste receptors in the upper airway
title_short	Taste receptors in the upper airway
title_full	Taste receptors in the upper airway
title_fullStr	Taste receptors in the upper airway
title_full_unstemmed	Taste receptors in the upper airway
title_sort	taste receptors in the upper airway
publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb5757c68ffc41af8f615fbb3ee80671
work_keys_str_mv	AT jennarfreund tastereceptorsintheupperairway AT robertjlee tastereceptorsintheupperairway
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Taste receptors in the upper airway

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