The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy

Abstract Background Garcinia subelliptica Merr. is a multipurpose coastal tree, the potential medicinal effects of which have been studied, including cancer suppression. Here, we present evidence that the ethanol extract of G. subelliptica Merr. (eGSM) induces autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma...

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Autores principales:	Kyun Ha Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, Wan Yi Li, Sangwoo Lee, Han-Sol Jeong, Jun-Yong Choi, Myungsoo Joo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Garcinia subelliptica Merr. Human lung carcinoma cells mTOR AMPK Autophagy Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb60bcbd1c544b5ca84e4ebbc97ba246
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb60bcbd1c544b5ca84e4ebbc97ba2462021-11-14T12:37:59ZThe ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy10.1186/s12906-021-03454-42662-7671https://doaj.org/article/bb60bcbd1c544b5ca84e4ebbc97ba2462021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03454-4https://doaj.org/toc/2662-7671Abstract Background Garcinia subelliptica Merr. is a multipurpose coastal tree, the potential medicinal effects of which have been studied, including cancer suppression. Here, we present evidence that the ethanol extract of G. subelliptica Merr. (eGSM) induces autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Two different human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and SNU2292, were treated with varying amounts of eGSM. Cytotoxicity elicited by eGSM was assessed by MTT assay and PARP degradation. Autophagy in A549 and SNU2292 was determined by western blotting for AMPK, mTOR, ULK1, and LC3. Genetic deletion of AMPKα in HEK293 cells was carried out by CRISPR. Results eGSM elicited cytotoxicity, but not apoptosis, in A549 and SNU2292 cells. eGSM increased LC3-II production in both A549 and, more extensively, SNU2292, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy. In A549, eGSM activated AMPK, an essential autophagy activator, but not suppressed mTOR, an autophagy blocker, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy by primarily activating the AMPK pathway in A549. By contrast, eGSM suppressed mTOR activity without activating AMPK in SNU2292, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy by mainly suppressing mTOR in SNU2292. In HEK293 cells lacking AMPKα expression, eGSM increased LC3-II production, confirming that the autophagy induced by eGSM can occur without the AMPK pathway. Conclusion Our findings suggest that eGSM induces autophagy by activating AMPK or suppressing mTOR pathways, depending on cell types.Kyun Ha KimJi Yeon LeeWan Yi LiSangwoo LeeHan-Sol JeongJun-Yong ChoiMyungsoo JooBMCarticleGarcinia subelliptica Merr.Human lung carcinoma cellsmTORAMPKAutophagyOther systems of medicineRZ201-999ENBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Garcinia subelliptica Merr. Human lung carcinoma cells mTOR AMPK Autophagy Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
spellingShingle	Garcinia subelliptica Merr. Human lung carcinoma cells mTOR AMPK Autophagy Other systems of medicine RZ201-999 Kyun Ha Kim Ji Yeon Lee Wan Yi Li Sangwoo Lee Han-Sol Jeong Jun-Yong Choi Myungsoo Joo The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy
description	Abstract Background Garcinia subelliptica Merr. is a multipurpose coastal tree, the potential medicinal effects of which have been studied, including cancer suppression. Here, we present evidence that the ethanol extract of G. subelliptica Merr. (eGSM) induces autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Two different human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and SNU2292, were treated with varying amounts of eGSM. Cytotoxicity elicited by eGSM was assessed by MTT assay and PARP degradation. Autophagy in A549 and SNU2292 was determined by western blotting for AMPK, mTOR, ULK1, and LC3. Genetic deletion of AMPKα in HEK293 cells was carried out by CRISPR. Results eGSM elicited cytotoxicity, but not apoptosis, in A549 and SNU2292 cells. eGSM increased LC3-II production in both A549 and, more extensively, SNU2292, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy. In A549, eGSM activated AMPK, an essential autophagy activator, but not suppressed mTOR, an autophagy blocker, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy by primarily activating the AMPK pathway in A549. By contrast, eGSM suppressed mTOR activity without activating AMPK in SNU2292, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy by mainly suppressing mTOR in SNU2292. In HEK293 cells lacking AMPKα expression, eGSM increased LC3-II production, confirming that the autophagy induced by eGSM can occur without the AMPK pathway. Conclusion Our findings suggest that eGSM induces autophagy by activating AMPK or suppressing mTOR pathways, depending on cell types.
format	article
author	Kyun Ha Kim Ji Yeon Lee Wan Yi Li Sangwoo Lee Han-Sol Jeong Jun-Yong Choi Myungsoo Joo
author_facet	Kyun Ha Kim Ji Yeon Lee Wan Yi Li Sangwoo Lee Han-Sol Jeong Jun-Yong Choi Myungsoo Joo
author_sort	Kyun Ha Kim
title	The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy
title_short	The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy
title_full	The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy
title_fullStr	The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy
title_full_unstemmed	The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy
title_sort	ethanol extract of garcinia subelliptica merr. induces autophagy
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb60bcbd1c544b5ca84e4ebbc97ba246
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_version_	1718429127272300544

The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy

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